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Portable Atmospheric Air Plasma Jet Pen for the Surface Treatment of Three-Dimensionally (3D)-Printed Electrodes
Analytical Chemistry ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-05 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02785
Gilvana P Siqueira 1 , Raquel G Rocha 1 , Amanda B Nascimento 1 , Eduardo M Richter 1 , Rodrigo A A Muñoz 1
Affiliation  

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology to develop devices on a large scale with potential application for electroanalysis. However, 3D-printed electrodes, in their native form, provide poor electrochemical response due to the presence of a high percentage of thermoplastic polymer in the conductive filaments. Therefore, surface treatments are usually required to remove the nonconductive material from the 3D-printed electrode surfaces, providing a dramatic improvement in the electroanalytical performance. However, these procedures are time-consuming, require bulky equipment, or even involve non-eco-friendly protocols. Herein, we demonstrated that portable and low-cost atmospheric air plasma jet pens can be used to activate electrodes additively manufactured using a commercial poly(lactic acid) filament containing carbon black as conductive filler, improving the electrochemical activity. Remarkable electrochemical results were obtained (voltammetric profile) using [Fe(CN)6]3–/4–, dopamine and [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ as redox probes. Microscopic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical techniques revealed that the air-plasma jet pen removes the excess PLA on the 3D-printed electrode surface, exposing the conductive carbon black particles and increasing the surface area. The performance of the treated electrode was evaluated by the quantification of capsaicin in pepper sauce samples, with a limit of detection of 3 nM, suitable for analysis of food samples. Recovery values from 94% to 101% were obtained for the analysis of spiked samples. The new treatment generated by a plasma jet pen is an alternative approach to improve the electrochemical activity of 3D-printed electrodes that present sluggish kinetics with great advantages over previous protocols, including low-cost, short time of treatment (2 min), environmentally friendly protocol (reagentless), and portability (hand-held pen).

中文翻译:


便携式大气等离子喷射笔,用于三维 (3D) 打印电极的表面处理



三维 (3D) 打印是一种新兴技术,用于大规模开发具有电分析潜在应用的设备。然而,由于导电丝中存在高百分比的热塑性聚合物,天然形式的 3D 打印电极的电化学响应较差。因此,通常需要进行表面处理,以从 3D 打印的电极表面去除非导电材料,从而显着提高电分析性能。然而,这些程序很耗时,需要笨重的设备,甚至涉及不环保的协议。在此,我们证明了便携式和低成本的大气等离子体喷射笔可用于激活使用含有炭黑作为导电填料的商业聚(乳酸)丝增材制造的电极,从而提高电化学活性。使用 [Fe(CN)6]3–/4–、多巴胺和 [Ru(NH36]2+/3+ 作为氧化还原探针获得了显着的电化学结果(伏安曲线)。显微、光谱和电化学技术表明,空气等离子喷气笔去除了 3D 打印电极表面多余的 PLA,露出导电炭黑颗粒并增加了表面积。通过定量辣椒酱样品中的辣椒素来评估处理电极的性能,检测限为 3 nM,适用于食品样品的分析。分析加标样品的回收率从 94% 到 101%。 等离子喷射笔产生的新处理是提高 3D 打印电极电化学活性的另一种方法,该电极表现出缓慢的动力学,与以前的方案相比具有很大的优势,包括低成本、短处理时间(2 分钟)、环保方案(无试剂)和便携性(手持式笔)。
更新日期:2024-09-05
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