Effect of the Formation Rate on the Stability of Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries,ACS Energy Letters

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Effect of the Formation Rate on the Stability of Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries
ACS Energy Letters ( IF 19.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-06 , DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02258
Soochan Kim _{1,

2} , Pravin N. Didwal _{3,

4} , Juliane Fiates _{4,

5} , James A. Dawson _{4,

5} , Robert S. Weatherup _{3,

4} , Michael De Volder _{1,

4}

Affiliation

Anode-free Li-ion batteries (AFBs), where a Cu current collector is used to plate and strip Li instead of a classic anode, are promising technologies to increase the energy density of batteries. In addition, AFBs are safer and easier to manufacture than competing Li-metal anodes and solid-state batteries. However, the loss of Li inventory that occurs during the operation of AFBs limits their lifespan and practical application. In this study, we find that, in particular, the current density used during the formation of AFBs has a considerable impact on the cycling stability of the cell. We optimize the formation protocol based on experimental and computational observations of thresholds associated with morphological changes in the plated Li and the chemical composition of the solid–electrolyte interphase. Unlike graphite anodes, which require slow formation cycles, AFBs exhibit improved cycling behavior when formed at the highest current densities that avoid dendritic Li formation. We verify that this strategy for optimizing the formation current density is effective for three different electrolyte formulations and, therefore, provides a straightforward universal rationale to optimize the formation protocols for AFBs.

中文翻译：

形成速率对无负极锂金属电池稳定性的影响

无阳极锂离子电池（AFB）使用铜集流体代替传统的阳极来电镀和剥离锂，是提高电池能量密度的有前途的技术。此外，AFB 比竞争对手的锂金属阳极和固态电池更安全、更容易制造。然而，AFB 运行过程中发生的 Li 库存损失限制了它们的使用寿命和实际应用。在这项研究中，我们发现，特别是，AFB 形成过程中使用的电流密度对电池的循环稳定性有相当大的影响。我们根据对与镀锂形态变化和固体-电解质界面的化学成分相关的阈值的实验和计算观察来优化形成方案。与需要缓慢形成周期的石墨负极不同，AFB 在以最高电流密度形成时表现出改进的循环行为，从而避免了树枝状 Li 的形成。我们验证了这种优化形成电流密度的策略对三种不同的电解质配方有效，因此，为优化 AFB 的形成方案提供了一个直接的通用原理。

更新日期：2024-09-06

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