Talia Mae Bettcher argues that gender terms like ‘woman’ have multiple meanings, as different speakers use these terms to pick out different classes—some use ‘woman’ to pick out (roughly) the class of those assigned female at birth; some use it to pick out a class including both that class and trans women. Bettcher is correct, I argue: it is undeniable that ‘woman’ has quite different referents in different speakers' mouths; there is furthermore a kind of conventional meaning which varies across speakers associated with gender terms, one which tracks and varies with these different referential practices.

中文翻译：

---

“女人”有几种含义？


塔莉亚·梅·贝彻 (Talia Mae Bettcher) 认为，像“女人”这样的性别术语有多种含义，因为不同的说话者使用这些术语来挑选不同的类别——有些人用“女人”来挑选（粗略地）出生时被指定为女性的类别；有些人用“女人”来挑选（粗略地）出生时被指定为女性的类别；有些人用“女人”来挑选（粗略地）出生时被指定为女性的类别；有些人用“女人”来挑选（粗略地）出生时被指定为女性的类别；有些人用“女人”来挑选（粗略地）出生时被指定为女性的人。有些人用它来挑选一个类别，包括该类别和跨性别女性。我认为，贝彻是正确的：不可否认的是，“女人”在不同说话者的嘴里有完全不同的指称。此外，还有一种与性别术语相关的传统含义因说话者而异，它跟踪这些不同的指称实践并随着这些不同的指称实践而变化。