Implicating type 2 diabetes effector genes in relevant metabolic cellular models using promoter-focused Capture-C,Diabetologia

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Implicating type 2 diabetes effector genes in relevant metabolic cellular models using promoter-focused Capture-C
Diabetologia ( IF 8.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06261-x
Nicholas A Wachowski _{1,

2} , James A Pippin _{1,

2} , Keith Boehm _{1,

2} , Sumei Lu _{1,

2} , Michelle E Leonard _{1,

2} , Elisabetta Manduchi _{1,

2,

3} , Ursula W Parlin _{1,

2,

4} , Martin Wabitsch ₅ , Alessandra Chesi ₆ , Andrew D Wells _{1,

6,

7,

8} , Struan F A Grant _{1,

2,

3,

9,

10} , Matthew C Pahl _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Aims/hypothesis

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of type 2 diabetes loci, with the vast majority of signals located in non-coding regions; as a consequence, it remains largely unclear which ‘effector’ genes these variants influence. Determining these effector genes has been hampered by the relatively challenging cellular settings in which they are hypothesised to confer their effects.

Methods

To implicate such effector genes, we elected to generate and integrate high-resolution promoter-focused Capture-C, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA-seq datasets to characterise chromatin and expression profiles in multiple cell lines relevant to type 2 diabetes for subsequent functional follow-up analyses: EndoC-BH1 (pancreatic beta cell), HepG2 (hepatocyte) and Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS; adipocyte).

Results

The subsequent variant-to-gene analysis implicated 810 candidate effector genes at 370 type 2 diabetes risk loci. Using partitioned linkage disequilibrium score regression, we observed enrichment for type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose GWAS loci in promoter-connected putative cis-regulatory elements in EndoC-BH1 cells as well as fasting insulin GWAS loci in SGBS cells. Moreover, as a proof of principle, when we knocked down expression of the SMCO4 gene in EndoC-BH1 cells, we observed a statistically significant increase in insulin secretion.

Conclusions/interpretation

These results provide a resource for comparing tissue-specific data in tractable cellular models as opposed to relatively challenging primary cell settings.

Data availability

Raw and processed next-generation sequencing data for EndoC-BH1, HepG2, SGBS_undiff and SGBS_diff cells are deposited in GEO under the Superseries accession GSE262484. Promoter-focused Capture-C data are deposited under accession GSE262496. Hi-C data are deposited under accession GSE262481. Bulk ATAC-seq data are deposited under accession GSE262479. Bulk RNA-seq data are deposited under accession GSE262480.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

使用以启动子为中心的 Capture-C 在相关代谢细胞模型中暗示 2 型糖尿病效应基因

目标/假设

全基因组关联研究（GWAS）已识别出数百个 2 型糖尿病基因座，其中绝大多数信号位于非编码区域；因此，目前还不清楚这些变异影响哪些“效应”基因。确定这些效应基因受到了相对具有挑战性的细胞环境的阻碍，假设它们在其中发挥作用。

方法

为了暗示此类效应基因，我们选择生成并集成以启动子为中心的高分辨率 Capture-C、转座酶可及染色质测序分析 (ATAC-seq) 和 RNA-seq 数据集，以表征多个细胞系中的染色质和表达谱与 2 型糖尿病相关的后续功能性随访分析：EndoC-BH1（胰腺 β 细胞）、HepG2（肝细胞）和 Simpson-Golabi-Behmel 综合征（SGBS；脂肪细胞）。

结果

随后的变体到基因分析表明 370 个 2 型糖尿病风险位点有 810 个候选效应基因。使用分区连锁不平衡评分回归，我们观察到 EndoC-BH1 细胞中启动子连接的推定顺式调节元件中 2 型糖尿病和空腹血糖 GWAS 基因座以及 SGBS 细胞中空腹胰岛素 GWAS 基因座的富集。此外，作为原理证明，当我们敲低 EndoC-BH1 细胞中SMCO4基因的表达时，我们观察到胰岛素分泌在统计学上显着增加。

结论/解释

这些结果为比较易处理的细胞模型中的组织特异性数据与相对具有挑战性的原代细胞设置提供了资源。

数据可用性

EndoC-BH1、HepG2、SGBS_undiff 和 SGBS_diff 细胞的原始和处理后的下一代测序数据以超级系列登录号 GSE262484 保存在 GEO 中。以启动子为中心的 Capture-C 数据以登录号 GSE262496 保存。 Hi-C 数据以登记号 GSE262481 保存。批量 ATAC-seq 数据以登录号 GSE262479 保存。大量 RNA-seq 数据以登录号 GSE262480 保存。

图解摘要

更新日期：2024-09-06

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