Materials that provide dynamically tunable infrared (IR) response are important for many applications, including active camouflage and thermal management. However, current IR-tunable systems often exhibit limitations in mechanical properties or practicality of their tuning modalities, or require complex and costly fabrication methods. An additional challenge relates to providing compatibility between different spectral channels, such as allowing an object to be reversibly concealed in the IR without making it appear in the visible range. Here, we demonstrate that conducting polymer-cellulose papers, fabricated through a simple and cheap approach, can overcome such challenges. The papers exhibit IR properties that can be electrochemically tuned with large modulation (absolute emissivity modulation of 0.4) while maintaining largely constant response in the visible range. Owing to high ionic and electrical conductivity, the tuning of the top surface can be performed electrochemically from the other side of the paper even at tens of micrometer thicknesses, removing the need for overlaying electrode and electrolyte in the optical beam path. These features enabled a series of electrically tunable IR devices, where we focus on demonstrating dynamic radiative coolers, thermal camouflage, anti-counterfeiting tags, and grayscale IR displays. The conducting polymer-cellulose papers are sustainable, cheap, flexible and mechanically robust, providing a versatile materials platform for active and adaptive IR optoelectronic devices.

提供动态可调红外 (IR) 响应的材料对于许多应用都很重要，包括主动伪装和热管理。然而，当前的红外可调谐系统通常在机械性能或调谐方式的实用性方面表现出局限性，或者需要复杂且昂贵的制造方法。另一个挑战涉及提供不同光谱通道之间的兼容性，例如允许物体可逆地隐藏在红外光中而不使其出现在可见光范围内。在这里，我们证明通过简单且廉价的方法制造的导电聚合物纤维素纸可以克服这些挑战。这些纸张具有可通过大调制（绝对发射率调制为 0.4）进行电化学调谐的红外特性，同时在可见光范围内保持基本恒定的响应。由于具有高离子和导电性，即使厚度为数十微米，也可以从纸张的另一面以电化学方式对顶面进行调节，从而无需在光束路径中覆盖电极和电解质。这些功能实现了一系列电可调红外设备，我们重点展示动态辐射冷却器、热伪装、防伪标签和灰度红外显示器。导电聚合物纤维素纸具有可持续、廉价、灵活且机械坚固的特点，为主动和自适应红外光电器件提供了多功能材料平台。