Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common urological malignancy with an increasing incidence. The development of molecular biomarkers that can predict the response to treatment and guide personalized therapy selection would substantially improve patient outcomes. Dysregulation of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has been shown to have a role in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. Thus, an increasing number of studies are being carried out with a focus on the identification of ncRNA biomarkers in ccRCC tissue samples and the connection of these markers with patients’ prognosis, pathological stage and grade (including metastatic potential), and therapy outcome. RNA sequencing analysis led to the identification of several ncRNA biomarkers that are dysregulated in ccRCC and might have a role in ccRCC development. These ncRNAs have the potential to be prognostic and predictive biomarkers for ccRCC, with prospective applications in personalized treatment selection. Research on ncRNA biomarkers in ccRCC is advancing, but clinical implementation remains preliminary owing to challenges in validation, standardization and reproducibility. Comprehensive studies and integration of ncRNAs into clinical trials are essential to accelerate the clinical use of these biomarkers.

透明细胞肾细胞癌（ccRCC）是一种常见的泌尿系统恶性肿瘤，发病率不断增加。开发能够预测治疗反应并指导个性化治疗选择的分子生物标志物将大大改善患者的治疗结果。非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 失调已被证明在 ccRCC 的发病机制中发挥作用。因此，越来越多的研究重点关注 ccRCC 组织样本中 ncRNA 生物标志物的鉴定以及这些标志物与患者预后、病理阶段和分级（包括转移潜力）以及治疗结果的联系。 RNA 测序分析确定了几种 ncRNA 生物标志物，这些生物标志物在 ccRCC 中失调，可能在 ccRCC 的发展中发挥作用。这些 ncRNA 有潜力成为 ccRCC 的预后和预测生物标志物，并在个性化治疗选择中具有前瞻性应用。 ccRCC 中 ncRNA 生物标志物的研究正在取得进展，但由于验证、标准化和可重复性方面的挑战，临床实施仍处于初步阶段。全面研究 ncRNA 并将其整合到临床试验中对于加速这些生物标志物的临床应用至关重要。