While soy products have long been included in animal diets for their macronutrient fractions, more recent work has focused on the immunomodulatory potential of bioactive components of this feedstuff. This comprehensive review aims to identify the current state of knowledge on minor soy fractions and their impact on the health and growth of pigs and broiler chickens to better direct future research. A total of 7,683 publications were screened, yet only 151 were included in the review after exclusion criteria were applied, with the majority (n = 87) of these studies conducted in pigs. In both species, antinutritional factors and carbohydrates, like stachyose and raffinose, were the most frequently studied categories of bioactive components. For both categories, most publications were evaluating ways to decrease the prevalence of the examined components in soy products, especially when fed at earlier ages. Overall, most studies evaluated the effect of the bioactive component on performance-related outcomes (n = 137), followed by microbial analysis (n = 38) and intestinal structure and integrity measures (n = 37). As they were analyzed in the majority of publications, antinutritional factors were also the most frequently investigated category in relation to each specific outcome. This trend did not hold true for microbiota- or antioxidant-associated outcomes, which were most often studied with carbohydrates or polyphenols, respectively. Changes to the host microbiota have the potential to modulate the immune system, feed intake, and social behaviors through the microbiota–gut–brain axis, though few publications measured behavior and brain characteristics as an outcome. Other identified gaps in research included the study of soy saponins, as most research focused on saponins derived from other plants, the study of phytosterols outside of their role in cardiovascular or reproductive outcomes, and the general examination of bioactive peptides. Overall, given soy’s popularity as a current constituent of animal feed, additional research into these bioactive components may serve to define the value of soy products through their potential ability to support the productivity, health, and well-being of animals.

中文翻译：

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大豆生物活性成分对猪和肉鸡生长和健康结局影响的研究进展


虽然大豆产品长期以来一直因其常量营养素部分而被纳入动物饮食中，但最近的工作集中在这种饲料的生物活性成分的免疫调节潜力上。本综述旨在确定关于少量大豆馏分的知识现状及其对猪和肉鸡健康和生长的影响，以更好地指导未来的研究。共筛选了 7,683 篇出版物，但在应用排除标准后仅纳入 151 篇出版物，其中大多数 （n = 87） 研究是在猪中进行的。在这两个物种中，抗营养因子和碳水化合物，如水苏糖和棉子糖，是最常研究的生物活性成分类别。对于这两个类别，大多数出版物都在评估降低豆制品中所检查成分的流行率的方法，尤其是在较早时喂养时。总体而言，大多数研究评估了生物活性成分对性能相关结果的影响 （n = 137），其次是微生物分析 （n = 38） 和肠道结构和完整性测量 （n = 37）。正如在大多数出版物中对它们进行了分析一样，抗营养因子也是与每个特定结局相关的最常研究的类别。这种趋势不适用于微生物群或抗氧化剂相关结果，这些结果通常分别与碳水化合物或多酚一起研究。宿主微生物群的变化有可能通过微生物群-肠道-大脑轴调节免疫系统、采食量和社会行为，尽管很少有出版物将行为和大脑特征作为结果进行测量。 其他已确定的研究差距包括大豆皂苷的研究，因为大多数研究都集中在来自其他植物的皂苷上，对植物甾醇在心血管或生殖结果中的作用之外的研究，以及生物活性肽的一般检查。总体而言，鉴于大豆作为当前动物饲料成分的受欢迎程度，对这些生物活性成分的额外研究可能有助于通过其支持动物生产力、健康和福祉的潜在能力来确定大豆产品的价值。