The seismic water gun is widely used and plays an important role in seabed imaging acquisition; however, acoustic impacts on marine organisms are currently poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical responses on the peristomial membrane (PM) of the sea urchin, Arbacia lixula, when exposed to water gun shots in open water. The PM (located around the mouth) is involved in vital functions, such as nutrition and protection. Individuals of sea urchins (n = 7 for each time slot) were sampled before, at the end, and at intervals of 3 h and 24 h after acoustic emission (duration of 20 min). Significant increases in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, esterase and alkaline were observed immediately after water gun shots, highlighting an increase in the oxidative and inflammatory state of the tissue. Our results showed that acoustic impacts could interfere with PM vital functions, compromising the health, survival and ultimately the conservation of the species. Understanding these effects is crucial to predicting consequences on sea urchin populations and marine ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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地震水枪对海胆造口周围膜的影响（Arbacia lixula，Linnaeus 1758）


地震水枪应用广泛，在海底成像采集中发挥着重要作用；然而，目前人们对声学对海洋生物的影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是分析海胆 Arbacia lixula 在开放水域中暴露于水枪射击时其造口周围膜 (PM) 的生化反应。 PM（位于口腔周围）涉及重要功能，例如营养和保护。在声发射之前、结束时以及声发射后每隔 3 小时和 24 小时（持续时间 20 分钟）对海胆个体（每个时间段 n = 7）进行采样。水枪射击后，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、酯酶和碱性物质立即显着增加，突显组织氧化和炎症状态的增加。我们的结果表明，声学影响可能会干扰 PM 的重要功能，损害物种的健康、生存并最终保护物种。了解这些影响对于预测对海胆种群和海洋生态系统的影响至关重要。