The nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern is a usual feature of interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTDs) [1], idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) [2] and several idiopathic ILDs (iILDs) [3]. The EVER-ILD trial randomised 126 patients between rituximab (1000 mg, on day 1 and day 15; n=65) versus placebo (n=61), in addition to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (2 g daily) for 6 months, in patients with NSIP pattern associated with CTD-ILD or idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (with or without autoimmune features) [4]. A primary analysis after 6 months of treatment showed a significant benefit of the rituximab+MMF combination on forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted variation from baseline to 6 months (group*month interaction 3.60, 95% CI 0.41–6.80; p=0.03) and on progression-free survival (PFS) (crude HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23–0.96; p=0.03).

非特异性间质性肺炎 (NSIP) 模式是与结缔组织病 (CTD) [1] 相关的间质性肺病 (ILD)、具有自身免疫特征的特发性间质性肺炎 (IPAF) [2] 和几种特发性 ILD (iILD) 的常见特征[3]。 EVER-ILD 试验将 126 名患者随机分为利妥昔单抗（1000 mg，第 1 天和第 15 天；n=65）与安慰剂（n=61），此外还接受吗替麦考酚酯 (MMF)（每天 2 g）治疗 6 个月，与 CTD-ILD 或特发性间质性肺炎（有或没有自身免疫特征）相关的 NSIP 模式患者 [4]。治疗 6 个月后的初步分析显示，利妥昔单抗 + MMF 组合对用力肺活量 (FVC) 从基线到 6 个月的预测变化百分比具有显着益处（组*月交互作用 3.60，95% CI 0.41–6.80；p=0.03 ）和无进展生存期 (PFS)（粗 HR 0.47，95% CI 0.23–0.96；p=0.03）。