Water-extractable metals as indicators of wheat metal accumulation: Insights from Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, and Zn,Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Water-extractable metals as indicators of wheat metal accumulation: Insights from Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, and Zn
Journal of Hazardous Materials ( IF 12.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135745
Yanwei Liu ₁ , Zidi Wang ₂ , Wenyao Tang ₂ , Xinying Wang ₃ , Qiang Dong ₄ , Guangliang Liu ₅ , Yingying Guo ₁ , Yong Liang ₅ , Xiaodong Ding ₆ , Yongguang Yin ₇ , Yong Cai ₈ , Guibin Jiang ₉

Affiliation

Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.

There is a long-standing debate over the effectiveness of chemical extraction methods in assessing soil metal phytoavailability. This study addresses the limitations of widely-used chemical extraction methods and presents the water-extractable pool as a more reliable indicator based on wheat pot experiments using homogenized agricultural soil amended with lime materials, phosphate, and biochar. Over 120 days’ pot experiments, Cd accumulation in whole wheat plants and tissues exhibited positive relationships with water-extractable Cd concentrations at heading and maturity stage (Spearman’s rho: 0.521–0.851; P < 0.05), revealing that the water-extractable pool instead of other pools better indicates wheat metal accumulation. Water-extractable metal concentrations are effective in assessing phytoavailability of metals primarily in ionic forms in soil solution (e.g, Zn, Cd), but less reliable for metals strongly complexed with dissolved organic matter (DOM) or sensitive to redox conditions. It demonstrated that water-extractable metal concentrations and chemical forms are key factors, fundamentally determined by metal properties and impacted by environmental factors. This study clarifies a more direct link between chemical extraction and plant metal uptake mechanisms. Given the extensive application of chemical extraction methods over several decades, this study will help advance soil metal risk assessment and remediation practices.

中文翻译：

水溶性金属作为小麦金属积累的指标：来自 Cd、Pb、Mn、Cu 和 Zn 的见解

关于化学提取方法在评估土壤金属植物有效性方面的有效性，存在长期争论。本研究解决了广泛使用的化学提取方法的局限性，并将水可提取池作为一种更可靠的指标，该实验基于小麦盆实验，使用用石灰材料、磷酸盐和生物炭改性的均质农业土壤。经过 120 天的盆栽试验，全麦植株和组织中的 Cd 积累与抽穗期和成熟期的可水提取 Cd 浓度呈正相关（Spearman 的 rho： 0.521–0.851;P < 0.05），揭示了可水萃取的池子比其他池子更能表明小麦金属的积累。水溶出金属浓度在评估土壤溶液中主要以离子形式存在的金属（例如 Zn、Cd）的植物有效性有效，但对于与溶解有机物（DOM）强络合或对氧化还原条件敏感的金属不太可靠。它表明，水可萃取金属的浓度和化学形式是关键因素，从根本上由金属特性决定并受环境因素影响。本研究阐明了化学提取与植物金属吸收机制之间更直接的联系。鉴于几十年来化学提取方法的广泛应用，本研究将有助于推进土壤金属风险评估和修复实践。

更新日期：2024-09-04

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