Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with multiple genetic and environmental factors underpinning its various endotypes. To identify new opportunities for prevention and early asthma treatment, we need to detect, in advance, individuals on trajectories leading to obstructive lung disease and tackle associated risk factors. Besides genetic susceptibility, early risk factors for poor lung function include prematurity or low birth weight, respiratory infections or lack of breastfeeding, and poor socioeconomic status or increased exposure to smoke and air pollutants [1]. While the association of low birth weight with childhood asthma seems largely explained by gestational age at birth, increased infant weight gain has also been suggested to increase risk of preschool wheezing and school-age asthma [2].

哮喘是一种慢性炎症性疾病，多种遗传和环境因素导致其各种内型。为了找到预防和早期治疗哮喘的新机会，我们需要提前发现有可能导致阻塞性肺病的个体，并解决相关的危险因素。除了遗传易感性之外，肺功能不良的早期危险因素还包括早产或低出生体重、呼吸道感染或缺乏母乳喂养、社会经济状况不佳或接触烟雾和空气污染物增多[1]。虽然低出生体重与儿童哮喘的关联似乎很大程度上是由出生时的胎龄来解释的，但婴儿体重增加也被认为会增加学龄前喘息和学龄期哮喘的风险[2]。