Poetry is often described as having ‘unusual syntax’. Based on a close study of nine cywydd poems by the fourteenth century Welsh poet Dafydd ap Gwilym, I identify attributive adjectives and preverbal particles as the loci of substantial departures in poetic language from the ordinary grammar of contemporary Welsh, providing an optimality theoretic analysis of the interaction between the linguistic and poetic grammars in Welsh cywyddau. I conclude that abnormally frequent noncanonical adjective ordering and omission of certain preverbal particles in poetry is a result of the domination of certain constraints on syntactic well-formedness by verse constraints.

中文翻译：

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Dafydd ap Gwilym 的 cywyddau 中对诗歌形式和句法格式的限制


诗歌经常被描述为具有“不寻常的语法”。基于对 14 世纪威尔士诗人 Dafydd ap Gwilym 的九首 cywydd 诗歌的仔细研究，我将定语形容词和前动词助词视为诗歌语言与当代威尔士语普通语法的实质性背离的根源，并提供了对诗歌语言的最优性理论分析。威尔士语 cywyddau 语言和诗歌语法之间的相互作用。我的结论是，诗歌中异常频繁的非规范形容词排序和某些前动词助词的省略是诗歌约束对句法格式良好的某些约束占主导地位的结果。