Millimeter-wave and terahertz frequency bands are receiving more and more attention due to their big potentials for widespread applications such as in high-speed communications and high-resolution imaging. Nevertheless, limited by the functional materials and devices in these bands, we face lots of challenges towards high efficiency, high precision, and multi-domain electromagnetic manipulations that are urgently required in the practical application scenarios. The emergence of metasurfaces, especially the digital coding metasurfaces and programmable metasurfaces, has provided powerful capabilities to control electromagnetic waves. Recently, with the progress of space-domain, time-domain, space-time-domain, and polarization-domain programmable metasurfaces, considerable new applications have been achieved, including new-architecture wireless communication transmitters, the integration of sensing and communications, simultaneous information and power transfers, and information encryption. Consequently, integrated multifunctional platforms based on metasurfaces are expected. In this review, the recent advances in millimeter-wave and terahertz programmable metasurfaces are thoroughly presented, including the design principles and methods, the applications in the next-generation wireless communication systems, the integrated sensing and communications, and other multifunctional systems.

中文翻译：

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毫米波和太赫兹可编程超表面的基本原理和应用


毫米波和太赫兹频段因其在高速通信和高分辨率成像等广泛应用方面的巨大潜力而受到越来越多的关注。然而，受限于这些频段的功能材料和器件，我们在实际应用场景中迫切需要的高效率、高精度和多域电磁操作方面面临着许多挑战。超表面的出现，尤其是数字编码超表面和可编程超表面，为控制电磁波提供了强大的能力。近年来，随着空域、时域、空时域和极化域可编程超表面的进步，已经实现了相当多的新应用，包括新型架构无线通信发射器、传感与通信的集成、信息和功率同步传输以及信息加密。因此，基于超表面的集成多功能平台应运而生。本文全面介绍了毫米波和太赫兹可编程超表面的最新进展，包括设计原理和方法、在下一代无线通信系统中的应用、集成传感和通信以及其他多功能系统。