In mammalian cells, signalling pathways orchestrate cellular growth, differentiation and survival, as well as many other processes that are essential for the proper functioning of cells. Here we describe cutting-edge genetic-engineering technologies for the rewiring of signalling networks in mammalian cells. Specifically, we describe the recombination of native pathway components, cross-kingdom pathway transplantation, and the development of de novo signalling within cells and organelles. We also discuss how, by designing signalling pathways, mammalian cells can acquire new properties, such as the capacity for photosynthesis, the ability to detect cancer and senescent cell markers or to synthesize hormones or metabolites in response to chemical or physical stimuli. We also review the applications of mammalian cells in biocomputing. Technologies for engineering signalling pathways in mammalian cells are advancing basic cellular biology, biomedical research and drug discovery.

在哺乳动物细胞中，信号通路协调细胞生长、分化和存活，以及细胞正常功能所必需的许多其他过程。在这里，我们描述了用于哺乳动物细胞信号网络重新布线的尖端基因工程技术。具体来说，我们描述了天然途径成分的重组、跨界途径移植以及细胞和细胞器内从头信号传导的发展。我们还讨论了如何通过设计信号通路，哺乳动物细胞可以获得新的特性，例如光合作用的能力、检测癌症和衰老细胞标记物的能力或响应化学或物理刺激而合成激素或代谢物的能力。我们还回顾了哺乳动物细胞在生物计算中的应用。哺乳动物细胞信号通路工程技术正在推动基础细胞生物学、生物医学研究和药物发现的发展。