Here we review work examining reactions to machines replacing humans in both professional and personal domains. Using a mind-role fit perspective, we synthesize findings across several decades of research spanning multiple disciplines to suggest the types and trends for how people will respond to machines replacing humans. We propose that as intelligent machines have evolved to possess “minds,” their range of replacement and the scope of people's reactions to this replacement increase. Additionally, we suggest that people's reactions to machine replacement depend on the fit between the perceived mind of the machine and their ideal conception of the mind deemed suitable for that particular role. Our review organizes the literature on machine replacement into three distinct phases: the pre-2000s era, characterized by the perception of machines as mindless tools; the 2000s, which explored the extent to which machines are perceived as possessing minds; and the 2010s, marked by the proliferation of artificial intelligence and the emergence of reactions such as algorithm aversion and appreciation. This review suggests that our mind-role fit perspective is influenced by three key factors: how an individual in the machine interaction is involved in or affected by the introduction of intelligent machines, the characteristics of the machine itself, and the nature of the task the machine is intended to perform.

中文翻译：

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机器更换：Mind-Role 契合视角


在这里，我们回顾了在专业和个人领域研究对机器取代人类的反应的工作。使用思维-角色契合的角度，我们综合了跨越多个学科的几十年研究结果，以提出人们将如何应对机器取代人类的类型和趋势。我们提出，随着智能机器进化到拥有“思想”，它们的替代范围和人们对这种替代的反应范围会增加。此外，我们建议人们对机器更换的反应取决于机器的感知思想与他们认为适合该特定角色的理想思想概念之间的契合度。我们的综述将有关机器更换的文献分为三个不同的阶段：2000 年代之前的时代，其特点是将机器视为无意识的工具;2000 年代，探索了机器被认为拥有思想的程度;以及 2010 年代，以人工智能的普及和算法厌恶和欣赏等反应的出现为标志。本综述表明，我们的心智-角色契合视角受三个关键因素的影响：机器交互中的个体如何参与或受智能机器引入的影响、机器本身的特性以及机器打算执行的任务的性质。