BACKGROUND There is a strong association between obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension, but the effects of obstructive sleep apnea symptoms on the risk of incident hypertension are not well documented. The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether snoring and sleepiness are associated with incident hypertension. METHODS Data from the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort were analyzed. Normotensive participants, aged 18 to 69 years, were included between 2012 and 2016 and screened for snoring, morning fatigue, and daytime sleepiness in 2017 using items of the Berlin Questionnaire. We used Cox models, adjusted for multiple potential confounders, including body mass index, baseline blood pressure, sleep duration, and depressive symptoms, to compute hazards ratios of incidentally treated hypertension. RESULTS Among 34 727 subjects, the prevalence of self-reported habitual snoring, morning fatigue, and excessive daytime sleepiness (≥3× a week for each) was 23.6%, 16.6%, and 19.1%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 3.1 years (interquartile range, 3.0-3.5), the incidence of treated hypertension was 3.8%. The risk of de novo treated hypertension was higher in participants who reported habitual snoring (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.03-1.32]) and excessive daytime sleepiness (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.24-1.62]), and increased with the weekly frequency of symptoms, with a dose-dependent relationship (Ptrend≤0.02 for all symptoms). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness are associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension. Identification of snoring and daytime sleepiness may be a useful public health screening tool in primary care for hypertension prevention.

中文翻译：

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打鼾和白天嗜睡与随后发生的高血压的关联：一项基于人群的队列研究。


背景 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与高血压之间有很强的关联，但阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停症状对高血压发生风险的影响尚未得到很好的记录。这项前瞻性研究的目的是检查打鼾和嗜睡是否与高血压有关。方法 分析来自法国基于人群的 CONSTANCES 队列的数据。2012 年至 2016 年间纳入了年龄在 18 至 69 岁之间的正常血压参与者，并于 2017 年使用柏林问卷的项目筛查了打鼾、早晨疲劳和白天嗜睡。我们使用 Cox 模型，针对多种潜在混杂因素进行调整，包括体重指数、基线血压、睡眠持续时间和抑郁症状，以计算意外治疗高血压的风险比。结果 在 34 727 名受试者中，自我报告的习惯性打鼾、晨间疲劳和白天过度嗜睡 （每周 ≥3× 的患病率分别为 23.6% 、 16.6% 和 19.1%。在中位随访 3.1 年 （四分位距，3.0-3.5） 期间，治疗高血压的发生率为 3.8%。报告习惯性打鼾 （校正风险比，1.17 [95% CI，1.03-1.32]）和白天过度嗜睡 （校正风险比，1.42 [95% CI，1.24-1.62]）的参与者新发治疗高血压的风险更高，并且随着每周症状频率的增加而增加，具有剂量依赖性关系 （Ptrend≤所有症状为 0.02）。结论 自我报告的打鼾和白天过度嗜睡与患高血压的风险增加有关。识别打鼾和白天嗜睡可能是初级保健中预防高血压的有用公共卫生筛查工具。