Toxicological effects, absorption and biodegradation of bisphenols with different functional groups in Chromochloris zofingiensis,Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Toxicological effects, absorption and biodegradation of bisphenols with different functional groups in Chromochloris zofingiensis
Journal of Hazardous Materials ( IF 12.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135728
Ziyue Zhang ₁ , Min Gao ₁ , Yaqi Xu ₁ , Haitong Wang ₁ , Dongzhe Sun ₁ , Zhengge Zhu ₁ , Zhao Zhang ₁

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Bisphenols (BPs) are recognized as endocrine disrupting compounds and have garnered increasing attention due to their widespread utilization. However, the varying biological toxicities and underlying mechanisms of BPs with different functional groups remain unknown. In the present study, the toxic effects of four BPs (BPA, BPS, BPAF, and TBBPA) on a photosynthetic microalgae Chromochloris zofingiensis were compared. Results showed that halogen-containing BPs exhibited higher cellular uptake, leading to more severe oxidative stress, lower photosynthetic efficiency, and greater accumulation of starch and lipids. Specifically, TBBPA with bromine groups showed a greater toxicity than BPAF with fluorine groups, possibly due to the incomplete debromination in C. zofingiensis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that halogen-containing BPs triggered greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and only 64 common DEGs were found among different BPs, indicating that the effects of BPs with different functional groups varied greatly. Genes involved in endocytosis, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing pathways were mostly upregulated across different BPs, while photosynthesis-related genes showed varied expression, possibly due to their distinct functional groups. Additionally, SIN3A, ZFP36L, CHMP, and ATF2 emerged as potential key regulatory genes. Overall, this study thoroughly explained how functional groups impact the toxicity and biodegradation of BPs in C. zofingiensis.

中文翻译：

Chromochloris zofingiensis 中不同官能团双酚的毒理作用、吸收及生物降解

双酚（BP）被认为是内分泌干扰化合物，并因其广泛使用而受到越来越多的关注。然而，具有不同官能团的 BPs 的不同生物毒性和潜在机制仍然未知。在本研究中，比较了四种 BPs （BPA、BPS、BPAF 和 TBBPA）对光合微藻 Chromochloris zofingiensis 的毒性作用。结果表明，含卤素的 BPs 表现出更高的细胞摄取，导致更严重的氧化应激、更低的光合作用效率以及更多的淀粉和脂质积累。具体来说，含溴基团的 TBBPA 比含氟基团的 BPAF 表现出更大的毒性，可能是由于 C. zofingiensis 的脱溴不完全。转录组学分析显示，含卤素 BPs 触发了更多的差异表达基因（DEGs），在不同 BPs 中仅发现 64 个共同的 DEGs，表明不同官能团的 BPs 的作用差异很大。参与内吞作用、过氧化物酶体和内质网蛋白加工途径的基因在不同的 BPs 中大多上调，而光合作用相关基因表现出不同的表达，这可能是由于它们不同的官能团。此外，SIN3A 、 ZFP36L 、 CHMP 和 ATF2 成为潜在的关键调控基因。总体而言，本研究彻底解释了官能团如何影响 C. zofingiensis 中 BPs 的毒性和生物降解。

更新日期：2024-09-03

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