IntroductionLike in many parts of the world, the Baltic Sea experiences a multitude of processes and stressors that influence fish stock dynamics. This paper compartmentalizes 250 publications that examine the cumulative effects and trade-offs of some of the most significant environmental drivers (temperature change, hypoxia, nutrient enrichment, acidification, low salinity, and food-web dynamics) on the ecology of top commercial fish species in the Baltic Sea (cod, sprat, whiting, herring, flounder, and plaice).MethodsA systematic review method was applied to ensure rigorous coverage of existing literature and to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current knowledge on the subject.ResultsThe results illustrate the extent of scientific research applicable to commercial fisheries knowledge in the Baltic Sea and identify which pressures have the greatest negative impacts on which stocks. Additionally, the findings demonstrate how well top commercial fish species have adapted to the changing environmental conditions of the Baltic Sea. In doing so, the review illustrates the upcoming challenges and underscores which stocks are likely to dominate in the future and which will face difficulties.DiscussionBy considering ecosystem-based fisheries management, this paper emphasizes the need to account for complex ecosystem interactions beyond single-stock monitoring. With increased natural hazards, top commercial fish species have reacted differently, depending on the region and their adaptive capabilities. In most cases, Clupeidae species have adapted the best to their new surroundings, Pleuronectidae resilience is varied, while Gadidae species are finding the Baltic Sea increasingly challenging.

中文翻译：

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影响波罗的海主要商业鱼类种群状况的环境驱动因素：审查


简介与世界许多地方一样，波罗的海经历了多种影响鱼类种群动态的过程和压力源。本文划分了 250 篇出版物，这些出版物研究了一些最重要的环境驱动因素（温度变化、缺氧、营养富集、酸化、低盐度和食物网动态）对顶级商业鱼类生态的累积影响和权衡波罗的海（鳕鱼、西鲱、鳕鱼、鲱鱼、比目鱼和鲽鱼）。方法采用系统综述方法，确保严格覆盖现有文献，并全面综合当前有关该主题的知识。结果结果说明了适用于波罗的海商业渔业知识的科学研究程度，并确定哪些压力对哪些种群产生最大的负面影响。此外，研究结果表明顶级商业鱼类如何很好地适应波罗的海不断变化的环境条件。在此过程中，审查阐明了即将到来的挑战，并强调了哪些种群可能在未来占据主导地位以及哪些种群将面临困难。讨论通过考虑基于生态系统的渔业管理，本文强调需要考虑单一种群之外的复杂生态系统相互作用监控。随着自然灾害的增加，顶级商业鱼类的反应有所不同，具体取决于地区及其适应能力。在大多数情况下，鲱科物种已经最好地适应了新环境，鲽科物种的适应能力各不相同，而鳕科物种则发现波罗的海越来越具有挑战性。