IntroductionAs the aquaculture industry intensifies to enhance production efficiency and capacity, the risk of disease outbreaks in high-density systems, such as those for largemouth bass, has escalated. This necessitates the exploration of novel strategies for disease prevention and control. Studies have shown that Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (AMP) possesses the functions of promoting growth and enhancing immune capacity, making it a potential feed additive in animal production.MethodsThis study aimed to assess the impact of AMP on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and intestinal flora structure of largemouth bass. A total of 360 healthy largemouth bass (mean weight: 15.25 ± 1.29 g) were randomly assigned to four groups, each with three replicates. The groups were fed diets supplemented with 0% (Group D, control group), 0.4% (Group A), 0.8% (Group B), or 1.2% (Group C) AMP for 42 days.ResultsThe results showed that the addition of an appropriate amount of AMP in the feed significantly improved the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of largemouth bass, reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and enhanced growth performance. AMP reduced the levels of AST and ALT, indicating a hepatoprotective effect on largemouth bass, with significant differences from the control group (P < 0.05). AMP also improved the intestinal microbiota composition of largemouth bass, positively affecting intestinal health. The analysis of intestinal microbiota revealed 1,288 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the intestine of largemouth bass in Group B, dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. In contrast, Group C (1.2%) had 920 ASVs, with Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes as the major components, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was lower, showing significant differences from the control Group D. The functional analysis of intestinal microbiota based on KEGG showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the four groups in Carbon metabolism, Biosynthesis of amino acids, and Metabolic pathways.DiscussionThe study concludes that the inclusion of AMP at 0.8% – 1.2% in the feed can enhance the growth performance and intestinal health of largemouth bass, offering a promising strategy for disease prevention and control in intensive aquaculture settings.

中文翻译：

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白术多糖对大口黑鲈生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道菌群的影响


简介随着水产养殖业集约化以提高生产效率和产能，高密度系统（例如大口黑鲈）爆发疾病的风险不断上升。这就需要探索疾病预防和控制的新策略。研究表明白术多糖(AMP)具有促进生长、增强免疫能力等作用,是一种潜在的动物生产饲料添加剂。大口黑鲈肠道菌群结构。总共 360 头健康大口黑鲈（平均体重：15.25 ± 1.29 g）随机分为 4 组，每组 3 个重复。各组饲喂添加 0%（D 组，对照组）、0.4%（A 组）、0.8%（B 组）或 1.2%（C 组）AMP 的饲料，持续 42 天。饲料中添加适量的AMP可显着提高大口黑鲈的增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR），降低饲料转化率（FCR），提高生长性能。 AMP 降低了 AST 和 ALT 水平，表明对大口黑鲈具有保肝作用，与对照组差异显着（P < 0.05）。 AMP 还改善了大口黑鲈的肠道微生物群组成，对肠道健康产生积极影响。肠道微生物群分析显示，B 组大口黑鲈的肠道中有 1,288 个扩增子序列变异 (ASV)，其中以厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门为主。相比之下，C组（1.2%）有920个ASV，以Fusobacteriota和Firmicutes为主要成分，而Firmicutes的相对丰度较低，与对照组D有显着差异。基于KEGG的肠道菌群功能分析显示出显着差异（P < 0.05）在碳代谢、氨基酸生物合成和代谢途径的四组中。讨论该研究得出的结论是，饲料中添加 0.8% – 1.2% 的 AMP 可以增强大口黑鲈的生长性能和肠道健康，提供集约化水产养殖环境中疾病预防和控制的有前景的策略。