<br>DNMT 甲基转移酶和 TET 双加氧酶在维持 DNA 甲基化水平中的作用,Biomolecules

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DNMT 甲基转移酶和 TET 双加氧酶在维持 DNA 甲基化水平中的作用
Biomolecules ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-04 , DOI: 10.3390/biom14091117
Anastasiia T Davletgildeeva ₁ , Nikita A Kuznetsov _{1,

2}

Affiliation

这篇综述讨论了参与 DNA 甲基化和去甲基化的酶的功能特征和生物学作用，这些酶是基因表达表观遗传调控的关键因素。在人体细胞中执行此类过程的酶组仅限于两个家族的代表，即 DNMT（DNA 甲基转移酶）和 TET（DNA 双加氧酶）。该综述提供了当今已知的有关这些家族中每个功能重要成员的详细信息，并描述了哺乳动物体内的催化活性和作用，同时还提供了这些酶的表达和/或活性与某些人类发育相关的失调的例子。疾病，包括癌症、神经退行性疾病和发育病理学。通过结合有关人体内控制 DNA“甲基化组”的各种酶功能障碍的最新信息，我们希望不仅引起人们对维持所需 DNA 甲基化水平（确保表观遗传调控）的重要性的关注。基因表达和整个身体的正常功能），而且还有助于确定新的目标，以直接控制酶的活性，从而实现 DNA 甲基化和去甲基化过程之间的平衡。

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The Role of DNMT Methyltransferases and TET Dioxygenases in the Maintenance of the DNA Methylation Level

This review deals with the functional characteristics and biological roles of enzymes participating in DNA methylation and demethylation as key factors in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The set of enzymes that carry out such processes in human cells is limited to representatives of two families, namely DNMT (DNA methyltransferases) and TET (DNA dioxygenases). The review presents detailed information known today about each functionally important member of these families and describes the catalytic activity and roles in the mammalian body while also providing examples of dysregulation of the expression and/or activity of these enzymes in conjunction with the development of some human disorders, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and developmental pathologies. By combining the up-to-date information on the dysfunction of various enzymes that control the DNA “methylome” in the human body, we hope not only to draw attention to the importance of the maintenance of a required DNA methylation level (ensuring epigenetic regulation of gene expression and normal functioning of the entire body) but also to help identify new targets for directed control over the activity of the enzymes that implement the balance between processes of DNA methylation and demethylation.

更新日期：2024-09-04

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