Scholarship in Migration Studies and Forced Migration and Refugee Studies recognizes that migration and immobility can be the result of various, mixed motivations. Empirical work and conceptualizations of forced and “lifestyle” migration consider some of this complexity. Scholarship on immobility has also examined various, mixed motives. Finally, migration theory development has recently begun to incorporate various “non-economic” motivations, mainly into frameworks originally aimed at tackling economic/labor migrations, mainly integrating force and/or environmental factors. However, efforts to conceptualize and theorize on how and why motivations overlap or are interrelated (positively or negatively) are more scant, less explicit, and less systematic. In this paper, I provide a broad systematic taxonomy of migration and immobility motivation overlap and interrelation. First, I describe the six main (im)mobility motivations discussed in the literature—namely economic, labor-related, safety-related, environmental, family-related, and related to self-fulfillment—organizing them around the degree to which they are driven by extrinsic and/or intrinsic rewards and costs. Second, I provide a general typology of possible ways in (im)mobility motivations become “alternative” to and/or concurrent with each other, and how these instances operate at individual and/or population levels. Third, I examine how the different motivations fit within three important theories of micro-level decision-making in the literature, exploring different points of overlap and interrelation between mechanisms within and across analytical perspectives. I conclude discussing the potential implications of this motivation integration.

中文翻译：

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(Im)出行动机之间的重叠和相互关系


移民研究和强迫移民和难民研究的学术认识到，移民和流动可能是各种混合动机的结果。强迫移民和“生活方式”移民的实证研究和概念化考虑到了这种复杂性。关于不动的学术研究也研究了各种不同的、混合的动机。最后，移民理论的发展最近开始将各种“非经济”动机纳入最初旨在解决经济/劳动力移民的框架中，主要整合力量和/或环境因素。然而，对动机如何以及为何重叠或相互关联（积极或消极）进行概念化和理论化的努力却更加缺乏、不明确和系统化。在本文中，我提供了移民和不动动机重叠和相互关系的广泛系统分类。首先，我描述了文献中讨论的六种主要的（不）流动动机，即经济、劳动相关、安全相关、环境、家庭相关和自我实现相关，并根据它们的程度进行组织。由外在和/或内在奖励和成本驱动。其次，我提供了（不）流动性动机相互“替代”和/或同时存在的可能方式的一般类型，以及这些实例如何在个人和/或群体水平上运作。第三，我研究了不同的动机如何适应文献中微观层面决策的三种重要理论，探索分析视角内部和跨分析视角机制之间的不同重叠点和相互关系。最后我讨论了这种动机整合的潜在影响。