Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has transformed ocular vascular imaging, revealing microvascular changes linked to various systemic diseases. This review explores its applications in diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. While OCTA provides a valuable window into the body's microvasculature, interpreting the findings can be complex. Additionally, challenges exist due to the relative non-specificity of its findings where changes observed in OCTA might not be unique to a specific disease, variations between OCTA machines, the lack of a standardized normative database for comparison, and potential image artifacts. Despite these limitations, OCTA holds immense potential for the future. The review highlights promising advancements like quantitative analysis of OCTA images, integration of artificial intelligence for faster and more accurate interpretation, and multi-modal imaging combining OCTA with other techniques for a more comprehensive characterization of the ocular vasculature. Furthermore, OCTA's potential future role in personalized medicine, enabling tailored treatment plans based on individual OCTA findings, community screening programs for early disease detection, and longitudinal studies tracking disease progression over time is also discussed. In conclusion, OCTA presents a significant opportunity to improve our understanding and management of systemic diseases. Addressing current limitations and pursuing these exciting future directions can solidify OCTA as an indispensable tool for diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and potentially guiding treatment decisions across various systemic health conditions.

中文翻译：

---

全身性疾病中视网膜和脉络膜的光学相干断层扫描血管造影


光学相干断层扫描血管造影 （OCTA） 改变了眼部血管成像，揭示了与各种全身性疾病相关的微血管变化。本文探讨了其在糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病中的应用。虽然 OCTA 为了解身体的微血管系统提供了一个有价值的窗口，但解释这些发现可能很复杂。此外，由于其发现的相对非特异性，即在 OCTA 中观察到的变化可能并非特定疾病所独有、OCTA 机器之间的差异、缺乏用于比较的标准化规范数据库以及潜在的图像伪影，因此存在挑战。尽管存在这些限制，但 OCTA 在未来具有巨大的潜力。该综述强调了有希望的进展，例如 OCTA 图像的定量分析、人工智能的集成以实现更快、更准确的解释，以及将 OCTA 与其他技术相结合的多模态成像，以更全面地表征眼血管系统。此外，还讨论了 OCTA 在个性化医疗中的潜在未来作用，即根据个体 OCTA 发现实现量身定制的治疗计划、用于早期疾病检测的社区筛查计划以及跟踪疾病随时间进展的纵向研究。总之，OCTA 为提高我们对全身性疾病的理解和管理提供了重要机会。解决当前的局限性并追求这些令人兴奋的未来方向可以巩固 OCTA 作为诊断、监测疾病进展并可能指导各种全身健康状况的治疗决策不可或缺的工具。