Despite our increased understanding of the biological and molecular aspects of gastro-oesophageal tumourigenesis, the identification of prognostic or predictive factors remains challenging. Patients with resectable gastric and oesophageal adenocarcinoma are often treated similarly after surgical resection, regardless of their tumour biology, clinical characteristics, and histological treatment response. Substantial progress has been made in the past 5 years in managing patients with gastric or oesophageal adenocarcinoma, including the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and new targeted therapies, leading to substantial improvements in clinical outcomes. These advancements have primarily been established in advanced and metastatic disease, while the management framework for local and locoregional disease is just beginning to shift. We provide an overview of existing data on biomarkers and tumour-related and host-related factors that are relevant to stratify patients into low-risk and high-risk recurrence groups, both before and after surgery, paving the way for more personalised treatment approaches.

中文翻译：

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改进局限性胃食管腺癌的个体化治疗


尽管我们对胃食管肿瘤发生的生物学和分子方面有了更多的了解，但预后或预测因素的鉴定仍然具有挑战性。可切除的胃腺癌和食管腺癌患者在手术切除后通常接受类似的治疗，无论其肿瘤生物学、临床特征和组织学治疗反应如何。在过去 5 年中，在胃癌或食管腺癌患者的管理方面取得了重大进展，包括使用免疫检查点抑制剂和新的靶向疗法，从而显着改善了临床结果。这些进步主要在晚期和转移性疾病中建立，而局部和局部区域疾病的管理框架才刚刚开始转变。我们概述了有关生物标志物以及肿瘤相关和宿主相关因素的现有数据，这些数据与手术前后将患者分为低风险和高风险复发组相关，为更加个性化的治疗方法铺平了道路。