Metformin is a commonly used drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and has been used to treat gestational diabetes since the 1970s. In pregnancy, its proven benefits include reduced gestational weight gain and reduced fetal size; some studies have shown reduced risk of cesarean delivery and lower rates of hypertension. Metformin can reduce the need for insulin therapy but does not eliminate such need in many patients. Despite these benefits, metformin crosses the placenta and has been associated with increases in the risk of giving birth to small-for-gestational-age neonates in some studies of individuals with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. In addition, higher body mass index (BMI) z-scores have been observed among exposed offspring in some of the long-term follow-up studies. Nevertheless, metformin's low cost, ease of administration, and global reach make it a reasonable intervention in a population affected by rising rates of obesity and diabetes in pregnancy. Further follow-up studies are required to monitor the long-term health of exposed offspring.

中文翻译：

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用二甲双胍治疗妊娠期糖尿病。


二甲双胍是治疗 2 型糖尿病的常用药物，自 1970 年代以来一直用于治疗妊娠糖尿病。在怀孕期间，其已证实的好处包括减少妊娠期体重增加和胎儿大小减小;一些研究表明，剖宫产的风险降低，高血压的发生率降低。二甲双胍可以减少对胰岛素治疗的需求，但并不能消除许多患者的这种需求。尽管有这些好处，但二甲双胍可以穿过胎盘，并且在一些针对妊娠期 2 型糖尿病患者的研究中，二甲双胍与生下小于胎龄儿的风险增加有关。此外，在一些长期随访研究中，在暴露的后代中观察到较高的体重指数 （BMI） z 分数。尽管如此，二甲双胍的低成本、易于给药和全球影响力使其成为对受妊娠期肥胖和糖尿病发病率上升影响的人群的合理干预措施。需要进一步的随访研究来监测暴露后代的长期健康状况。