Solar water splitting is an emerging technology for producing clean and renewable hydrogen fuel from sunlight and water. Among various photoelectrode materials, bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has attracted considerable attention due to its visible light absorption, favorable band edge positions, good chemical stability, and low cost. However, the solar water splitting efficiency of BiVO4 photoanodes is still far from satisfactory, mainly because of the low charge carrier mobility, high recombination rate, and slow water oxidation kinetics. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis, modification, and application of BiVO4-based photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The working principle of PEC water splitting and the fundamental properties of BiVO4 are introduced. Then, the synthesis methods of BiVO4 films are reviewed, and the strategies to enhance the PEC properties of BiVO4 are critically discussed. Furthermore, the applications of BiVO4-based photoelectrodes in different scenarios are highlighted. Finally, the summary and outlook for the future development of BiVO4-based photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting are presented.

中文翻译：

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具有增强光电化学性能的 BiVO4 光阳极的制备、改性和新兴应用


太阳能水分解是一种新兴技术，用于从阳光和水生产清洁和可再生的氢燃料。在各种光电极材料中，钒酸铋 （BiVO4） 因其可见光吸收性、良好的带边缘位置、良好的化学稳定性和低成本而受到广泛关注。然而，BiVO4 光阳极的太阳能分解水效率仍远不尽如人意，主要是因为电荷载流子迁移率低、复合速率高、水氧化动力学慢。本文综述了基于 BiVO4 的光电电极在光电化学 （PEC） 分解水中的合成、改性和应用的最新进展。介绍了 PEC 分解水的工作原理和 BiVO4 的基本性质。然后，综述了 BiVO4 薄膜的合成方法，并批判性地讨论了增强 BiVO4 PEC 性能的策略。此外，重点介绍了基于 BiVO4 的光电电极在不同场景中的应用。最后，对基于 BiVO4 的光电电极用于 PEC 分解水的未来发展进行了总结和展望。