Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has emerged as a pivotal technology in geosciences, offering unparalleled insights into Earth's surface. Indeed, its ability to provide high-resolution, all-weather, and day-night imaging has revolutionized our understanding of various geophysical processes. Recent advancements in SAR technology, that is, developing new satellite missions, enhancing signal processing techniques, and integrating machine learning algorithms, have significantly broadened the scope and depth of geosciences. Therefore, it is essential to summarize SAR's comprehensive applications for geosciences, especially emphasizing recent advancements in SAR technologies and applications. Moreover, current SAR-related review papers have primarily focused on SAR technology or SAR imaging and data processing techniques. Hence, a review that integrates SAR technology with geophysical features is needed to highlight the significance of SAR in addressing challenges in geosciences, as well as to explore SAR's potential in solving complex geoscience problems. Spurred by these requirements, this review comprehensively and in-depth reviews SAR applications for geosciences, broadly including various aspects in air-sea dynamics, oceanography, geography, disaster and hazard monitoring, climate change, and geosciences data fusion. For each applied field, the scientific advancements produced because of SAR are demonstrated by combining the SAR techniques with characteristics of geophysical phenomena and processes. Further outlooks are also explored, such as integrating SAR data with other geophysical data and conducting interdisciplinary research to offer comprehensive insights into geosciences. With the support of deep learning, this synergy will enhance the capability to model, simulate, and forecast geophysical phenomena with greater accuracy and reliability.

中文翻译：

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用于地球科学的合成孔径雷达


合成孔径雷达 (SAR) 已成为地球科学的一项关键技术，为地球表面提供无与伦比的洞察力。事实上，它提供高分辨率、全天候和昼夜成像的能力彻底改变了我们对各种地球物理过程的理解。 SAR 技术的最新进展，即开发新的卫星任务、增强信号处理技术和集成机器学习算法，显着拓宽了地球科学的范围和深度。因此，有必要总结SAR在地球科学领域的综合应用，特别是重点介绍SAR技术和应用的最新进展。此外，目前与SAR相关的综述论文主要集中在SAR技术或SAR成像和数据处理技术上。因此，需要对SAR技术与地球物理特征相结合进行综述，以突出SAR在应对地球科学挑战中的重要性，并探索SAR在解决复杂地球科学问题中的潜力。在这些要求的推动下，本次审查全面深入地审查了SAR在地球科学中的应用，广泛包括海气动力学、海洋学、地理学、灾害与危险监测、气候变化和地球科学数据融合等各个方面。对于每个应用领域，SAR 所产生的科学进步都是通过将 SAR 技术与地球物理现象和过程的特征相结合来展示的。还探讨了进一步的前景，例如将SAR数据与其他地球物理数据相结合，并进行跨学科研究以提供对地球科学的全面见解。 在深度学习的支持下，这种协同作用将增强以更高的准确性和可靠性建模、模拟和预测地球物理现象的能力。