Harmonic distortions in DC third rail systems can cause overheating of electric motors and transformers. Single-tuned filters and shunt active harmonic filters (SAHFs) are often used to mitigate the harmonic distortions. However, there is a lack of studies on the effects of train dynamics on harmonic distortions. This paper aims to investigate the influence of dynamic train behaviors for a DC third rail system and provide recommendations for the design of single-tuned filters and SAHFs to mitigate the harmonic distortions. The traction power supply system of a DC third rail system in Malaysia is modeled using ETAP-eTraX and MATLAB-Simulink software for the investigation. The ETAP-eTraX software is used to accurately compute the dynamic behavior of the train, while MATLAB-Simulink allows for the assessment of the impact of train behavior on the rail track, as well as the harmonic effect of the railway power network on the train. The findings showed that the SAHF exhibits strong adaptability and superior filtering performance compared to the single-tuned filter in addressing dynamic harmonic distortion in traction power supply systems. This study emphasizes the significance of incorporating harmonic mitigation devices, particularly for managing dynamic harmonic distortion based on actual train consumption patterns.

直流第三轨系统中的谐波失真可能导致电动机和变压器过热。单调谐滤波器和并联有源谐波滤波器 (SAHF) 通常用于减轻谐波失真。然而，目前缺乏关于列车动力学对谐波畸变影响的研究。本文旨在研究动态列车行为对直流第三轨系统的影响，并为单调谐滤波器和 SAHF 的设计提供建议，以减轻谐波失真。使用 ETAP-eTraX 和 MATLAB-Simulink 软件对马来西亚直流三轨系统的牵引供电系统进行建模以进行研究。 ETAP-eTraX软件用于精确计算列车的动态行为，而MATLAB-Simulink则可以评估列车行为对铁轨的影响，以及铁路电网对列车的谐波影响。研究结果表明，与单调谐滤波器相比，SAHF在解决牵引供电系统动态谐波失真方面表现出较强的适应性和优越的滤波性能。这项研究强调了结合谐波抑制装置的重要性，特别是对于根据实际列车消耗模式管理动态谐波失真。