The flow distribution issue is of significance to the fuel cell stack performance and durability, which herein is studied from a theoretical and practical level. The manifold flow fundamentals are clarified and the pressure-reconstruction-based principle to regulate flow distribution is revealed. The prerequisite and corequisite lie in the ratio of pressure drop between headers and the entire manifold, and the pressure recovery in the inlet header. Accordingly, a step-by-step manifold design methodology is proposed and further quantified by detailed and organized simulations. A desirable effect on flow uniformity is validated in large-scale stacks consisting of 300 and 400 cells, and the values of flow uniformity index represented by coefficient of variation (CV) are 3.32% and 2.95%, respectively. Moreover, a novel wedge-shaped layout of the intake header is proposed for further optimization. The corresponding CV values have notably declined to 1.36% and 1.29%, nearly 60% lower than the conventional rectangular counterparts.

中文翻译：

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基于 CFD 的大型 PEM 燃料电池堆歧管设计方法


流量分配问题对于燃料电池堆的性能和耐久性具有重要意义，本文从理论和实践层面进行研究。阐明了歧管流动的基本原理，并揭示了基于压力重建的流量分布调节原理。其先决条件和必要条件在于集管与整个歧管之间的压降之比，以及入口集管中的压力恢复。因此，提出了一种分步流形设计方法，并通过详细且有组织的模拟进一步量化。在由300个和400个电池组成的大规模电堆中验证了对流动均匀性的理想效果，用变异系数（ CV ）表示的流动均匀性指数值分别为3.32%和2.95%。此外，还提出了一种新颖的楔形进气集管布局以进一步优化。相应的CV值显着下降至1.36%和1.29%，比传统矩形对应物低近60%。