Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) have long been a formidable challenge in oncology, partly because of their rarity and diversity, which complicates large-scale studies and slows the advent of new treatments. Traditionally anchored by anthracycline-based chemotherapy, the landscape of STS treatment hasn’t shifted dramatically in the past twenty years. However, recent strides in research are starting to paint a more hopeful picture. Leveraging advanced molecular profiling, researchers are now tailoring treatments to the unique genetic makeup of tumors, with targeted therapies showing promise. Innovations such as NTRK inhibitors for NTRK-rearranged sarcomas and gamma-secretase inhibitors for desmoid tumors are changing clinical practices. The rise of immunotherapy, including novel agents like LAG-3 inhibitors and bifunctional proteins that target both TGF-β and PD-L1, offers new avenues for treatment, particularly when combined with traditional therapies like chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the approval of epigenetic treatments for specific sarcoma subtypes heralds a new wave of strategy based on histological specificity, which could lead to more personalized and effective care. While challenges remain, the field of STS treatment is evolving, driven by a deeper understanding of the disease’s biological underpinnings and a commitment to innovative research approaches.

中文翻译：

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软组织肉瘤治疗新策略


软组织肉瘤（STS）长期以来一直是肿瘤学领域的一个巨大挑战，部分原因是它们的稀有性和多样性，这使得大规模研究变得复杂并减缓了新疗法的出现。传统上以蒽环类化疗为主，STS 治疗的格局在过去二十年里没有发生显着变化。然而，最近的研究进展开始描绘出一幅更有希望的图景。利用先进的分子分析，研究人员现在正在根据肿瘤独特的基因组成定制治疗方法，靶向治疗显示出了希望。用于 NTRK 重排肉瘤的 NTRK 抑制剂和用于硬纤维瘤的 γ 分泌酶抑制剂等创新正在改变临床实践。免疫疗法的兴起，包括 LAG-3 抑制剂和针对 TGF-β 和 PD-L1 的双功能蛋白等新型药物，提供了新的治疗途径，特别是与化疗等传统疗法相结合时。与此同时，针对特定肉瘤亚型的表观遗传学治疗的批准预示着基于组织学特异性的新一波策略，这可能会导致更加个性化和有效的护理。尽管挑战依然存在，但在对该疾病的生物学基础的更深入了解和对创新研究方法的承诺的推动下，STS 治疗领域正在不断发展。