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Low-Temperature Synthesis of Stable CaZn2P2 Zintl Phosphide Thin Films as Candidate Top Absorbers
Advanced Energy Materials ( IF 24.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-01 , DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202402640 Shaham Quadir 1 , Zhenkun Yuan 2 , Guillermo L. Esparza 3 , Sita Dugu 1 , John S. Mangum 1 , Andrew Pike 2 , Muhammad Rubaiat Hasan 4 , Gideon Kassa 2 , Xiaoxin Wang 2 , Yagmur Coban 2 , Jifeng Liu 2 , Kirill Kovnir 4, 5 , David P. Fenning 3 , Obadiah G. Reid 1, 6 , Andriy Zakutayev 1 , Geoffroy Hautier 2 , Sage R. Bauers 1
Advanced Energy Materials ( IF 24.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-01 , DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202402640 Shaham Quadir 1 , Zhenkun Yuan 2 , Guillermo L. Esparza 3 , Sita Dugu 1 , John S. Mangum 1 , Andrew Pike 2 , Muhammad Rubaiat Hasan 4 , Gideon Kassa 2 , Xiaoxin Wang 2 , Yagmur Coban 2 , Jifeng Liu 2 , Kirill Kovnir 4, 5 , David P. Fenning 3 , Obadiah G. Reid 1, 6 , Andriy Zakutayev 1 , Geoffroy Hautier 2 , Sage R. Bauers 1
Affiliation
The development of tandem photovoltaics and photoelectrochemical solar cells requires new absorber materials with bandgaps in the range of ≈1.5–2.3 eV, for use in the top cell paired with a narrower-gap bottom cell. An outstanding challenge is finding materials with suitable optoelectronic and defect properties, good operational stability, and synthesis conditions that preserve underlying device layers. This study demonstrates the Zintl phosphide compound CaZn2P2 as a compelling candidate semiconductor for these applications. Phase-pure, ≈500 nm-thick CaZn2P2 thin films are prepared using a scalable reactive sputter deposition process at growth temperatures as low as 100 °C, which is desirable for device integration. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy shows that CaZn2P2 films exhibit an optical absorptivity of ≈104 cm−1 at ≈1.95 eV direct bandgap. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements show near-band-edge optical emission, and time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements indicate a photoexcited carrier lifetime of ≈30 ns. CaZn2P2 is highly stable in both ambient conditions and moisture, as evidenced by PL and TRMC measurements. Experimental data are supported by first-principles calculations, which indicate the absence of low-formation-energy, deep intrinsic defects. Overall, this study shall motivate future work integrating this potential top cell absorber material into tandem solar cells.
中文翻译:
低温合成稳定的 CaZn2P2 磷化锌薄膜作为候选顶部吸收剂
叠层光伏和光电化学太阳能电池的开发需要带隙在 ≈1.5–2.3 eV 范围内的新型吸收材料,用于与较窄间隙的底部电池配对的顶部电池。一个突出的挑战是找到具有合适的光电和缺陷特性、良好的操作稳定性以及保留底层器件层的合成条件的材料。本研究证明 Zintl 磷化物化合物 CaZn2P2 是这些应用的引人注目的候选半导体。在低至 100 °C 的生长温度下,使用可扩展的反应溅射沉积工艺制备相纯的 ≈500 nm 厚的 CaZn2P2 薄膜,这是器件集成的理想选择。紫外-可见光谱表明,CaZn2P2 薄膜在 ≈1.95 eV 直接带隙下表现出 ≈104 cm-1 的光学吸收率。室温光致发光 (PL) 测量显示近带边光发射,时间分辨微波电导率 (TRMC) 测量显示光激发载流子寿命为 ≈30 ns。CaZn2P2 在环境条件和湿度下都高度稳定,PL 和 TRMC 测量证明了这一点。实验数据得到了第一性原理计算的支持,这表明不存在低形成能、深本征缺陷。总体而言,这项研究将激励未来的工作,将这种潜在的顶部电池吸收材料集成到串联太阳能电池中。
更新日期:2024-09-01
中文翻译:
低温合成稳定的 CaZn2P2 磷化锌薄膜作为候选顶部吸收剂
叠层光伏和光电化学太阳能电池的开发需要带隙在 ≈1.5–2.3 eV 范围内的新型吸收材料,用于与较窄间隙的底部电池配对的顶部电池。一个突出的挑战是找到具有合适的光电和缺陷特性、良好的操作稳定性以及保留底层器件层的合成条件的材料。本研究证明 Zintl 磷化物化合物 CaZn2P2 是这些应用的引人注目的候选半导体。在低至 100 °C 的生长温度下,使用可扩展的反应溅射沉积工艺制备相纯的 ≈500 nm 厚的 CaZn2P2 薄膜,这是器件集成的理想选择。紫外-可见光谱表明,CaZn2P2 薄膜在 ≈1.95 eV 直接带隙下表现出 ≈104 cm-1 的光学吸收率。室温光致发光 (PL) 测量显示近带边光发射,时间分辨微波电导率 (TRMC) 测量显示光激发载流子寿命为 ≈30 ns。CaZn2P2 在环境条件和湿度下都高度稳定,PL 和 TRMC 测量证明了这一点。实验数据得到了第一性原理计算的支持,这表明不存在低形成能、深本征缺陷。总体而言,这项研究将激励未来的工作,将这种潜在的顶部电池吸收材料集成到串联太阳能电池中。