Contraception Choice for Female Endurance Athletes: What’s Sport Got to Do With It? A Cross-Sectional Survey,Sports Medicine

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Contraception Choice for Female Endurance Athletes: What’s Sport Got to Do With It? A Cross-Sectional Survey
Sports Medicine ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02078-1
Stephanie Ryall ₁ , Heidi Ohrling ₁ , Trent Stellingwerff ₂ , Stephanie Black ₃ , Kristen Reilly ₁ , Jane S Thornton ₄

Affiliation

Background

While there are several prescribed contraceptive methods available, limited evidence exists to guide contraceptive decision-making in the context of endurance sport.

Objectives

Study objectives were to characterize current and previous use, perceived impacts, and the decision process around contraceptives in endurance athletes.

Methods

This was an online survey study with female endurance athletes recruited through social media and emails to university/club coaches and sport organizations. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis, respectively.

Results

A total of 323 female endurance athletes participated. Among current contraception users (n = 182), 51% used hormonal intrauterine devices (hIUDs), 29% oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), and 13% nonhormonal IUDs (nhIUDs). hIUD users had the highest perceived positive training (39%) and competition (29%) impacts, citing reduced menstrual bleeding and symptoms as positive side effects. OCP and nhIUD users had higher rates of perceived negative training impacts (OCPs 10%, nhIUDs 30%). For OCP users, 31% reported perceived adverse body composition outcomes and 37% reported negative mood changes. Among nhIUD users, 74% experienced heavier, more irregular menstrual bleeding. Over half of participants were unsure about the impact of their current method on performance. For contraceptive selection, 95% felt that information from physicians was important, yet 32% felt performance was inadequately considered during counseling discussion. Athletes reported less frustration with their contraception choice when counseled in the context of sport.

Conclusions

This exploratory study quantifies and qualifies the lived experiences of female endurance athletes with contraception. hIUDs were the most currently used and well-tolerated contraceptives among participants. This research offers valuable insights for athletes seeking contraception and looking to optimize both performance and health, along with the healthcare professionals guiding them.

中文翻译：

女性耐力运动员的避孕选择：运动与它有什么关系？横断面调查

背景

虽然有几种可用的规定避孕方法，但指导耐力运动背景下避孕决策的证据有限。

目标

研究目标是描述耐力运动员当前和以前的避孕药具使用情况、感知的影响以及避孕药具的决策过程。

方法

这是一项在线调查研究，对象是通过社交媒体和向大学/俱乐部教练和体育组织发送电子邮件招募的女性耐力运动员。分别使用描述性统计和常规内容分析来分析定量和定性数据。

结果

共有323名女子耐力运动员参赛。在目前的避孕措施使用者中（ n = 182），51% 使用激素宫内节育器 (hIUD)，29% 使用口服避孕药 (OCP)，13% 使用非激素宫内节育器 (nhIUD)。 hIUD 用户感知到的积极训练 (39%) 和竞争 (29%) 影响最高，认为减少月经出血和症状是积极的副作用。 OCP 和 nhIUD 用户感知负面训练影响的比例较高（OCP 10%，nhIUD 30%）。对于 OCP 使用者，31% 的人表示感知到不良的身体成分结果，37% 的人表示负面的情绪变化。在 nhIUD 使用者中，74% 的人经历了更严重、更不规律的月经出血。超过一半的参与者不确定他们当前的方法对绩效的影响。对于避孕药具的选择，95% 的人认为医生提供的信息很重要，但 32% 的人认为在咨询讨论过程中没有充分考虑绩效。在运动背景下接受咨询时，运动员对避孕选择的挫败感减少了。