Management of perennial weeds has become increasingly difficult with the reduction of herbicide use. Creeping perennials accumulate reserves in specialized belowground organs from which they regenerate new plants after a disturbance. Through tool selection, tillage operations could be optimized to reduce perennial-weed reserves and limit regeneration. In the present study, the effect of five tools on the fragmentation of the creeping roots of (L.) Scop. (Canada thistle), a major perennial weed in arable crops, were analysed. A field trial was set up to measure the lengths of the root fragments left after tillage. Five tools were tested: mouldboard ploughing, rotary harrow, disc harrow, rigid-tine cultivator and goose-foot cultivator. Fragment-length distribution varied according to the tool: rotary harrow left the smallest (3.7 cm on average) and least variable fragment lengths, mouldboard ploughing the longest (12.7 cm) and most variable ones. The other tools produced intermediate-sized fragments (8–10 cm). Based on these results and literature, a model was proposed to predict perennial-weed regeneration probability from storage-organ fragments after one tillage run. The effects of six factors, which were agronomic (tillage tool), environmental (soil conditions and temperature) and biological (storage-organ fragment diameter, maximal belowground-shoot length and pre-tillage storage-organ distribution), were tested through a sensitivity analysis. According to the model, the probability of fragment regeneration success is lower for the rotary harrow than for the mouldboard plough. The most important drivers of fragment regeneration success were the biological traits: fragment diameter and maximal belowground-shoot length per unit fragment biomass. The present model should be complemented to predict the effect of tillage on perennial-weed regrowth and help improving non-chemical weed-management strategies. To achieve this, further research is needed on plant regrowth potential from storage organs and their architecture in the soil.

中文翻译：

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结合田间实验和文献来模拟因耕作而破碎的多年生储藏器官的再生概率：Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop 的案例研究


随着除草剂使用的减少，多年生杂草的管理变得越来越困难。多年生匍匐植物在专门的地下器官中积累储备，在受到干扰后它们可以从这些器官中再生出新的植物。通过工具选择，可以优化耕作操作，以减少多年生杂草储备并限制再生。在本研究中，五种工具对 (L.) Scop. 匍匐根破碎的影响。对可耕作物中的一种主要多年生杂草（加拿大蓟）进行了分析。进行了一项田间试验来测量耕作后留下的根碎片的长度。测试了五种工具：犁耕机、旋转耙、圆盘耙、刚齿中耕机和鹅脚中耕机。碎片长度分布根据工具的不同而变化：旋转耙留下的碎片长度最小（平均 3.7 厘米）且变化最小，犁板犁的碎片长度最长（12.7 厘米）且变化最大。其他工具产生中等大小的碎片（8-10 厘米）。根据这些结果和文献，提出了一种模型来预测一次耕作后储存器官碎片的多年生杂草再生概率。通过敏感性测试了农艺（耕作工具）、环境（土壤条件和温度）和生物（贮藏器官碎片直径、最大地下芽长度和耕前贮藏器官分布）六个因素的影响。分析。根据该模型，旋转耙碎片再生成功的概率低于犁式犁。片段再生成功的最重要驱动因素是生物学特性：片段直径和每单位片段生物量的最大地下芽长度。 目前的模型应该得到补充，以预测耕作对多年生杂草再生的影响，并帮助改进非化学杂草管理策略。为了实现这一目标，需要进一步研究植物储存器官的再生潜力及其在土壤中的结构。