Fertilizer application can affect the physicochemical properties of soil, such as the contents of large aggregates, humus, and exchangeable cations, thereby influencing soil erosion resistance. However, the rill erosion resistance and its key influencing factors of soil following long-term balanced fertilizer application remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the change in rill erosion resistance following 44 years of balanced fertilizer application (No changes in the type of fertilizer) to non-calcareous soils and establish a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model of rill erodibility () and soil critical shear stress () to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Five treatments were designed: (1) CK (no fertilizer applied), (2) N (nitrogen), (3) NP (nitrogen plus phosphorus), (4) NK (nitrogen plus potassium), and (5) NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). Compared to CK, the N, NP, NK, and NPK application significantly increased by 49.6, 96.7, 73.6, and 36.2 %, respectively. Whereas, increased significantly only in the NPK treatment group. The optimal partial least squares regression model showed that mean weight diameter (MWD) had the greatest positive influence on soil critical shear stress, followed by fulvic acid (FA) content, whereas water-dissolved substances had a negative influence. Long-term balanced fertilizer application can increase MWD and by combining micro-aggregates and humus into large aggregates. Ca content had the greatest positive effect on . Compared with that of CK, exchangeable Ca content increased significantly with NP and NPK application (7.9 and 34.3 %, respectively). Ca can increase by binding to the polar functional groups in FA to promote the shedding of hydration shells in large aggregates. Among all treatments, the NP treatment showed the best performance for reducing and increasing . This study could contribute to the understanding of the rill erosion process and modeling in non-calcareous soils and offer a reference for agricultural erosion control treatments.

中文翻译：

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44 年的平衡施肥通过改变腐殖质、团聚体和多价阳离子来影响抗细沟侵蚀能力


施肥会影响土壤的理化性质，如大团聚体、腐殖质、交换性阳离子的含量，从而影响土壤的抗侵蚀能力。然而，长期均衡施肥后土壤的抗细沟侵蚀能力及其关键影响因素尚不清楚。本研究旨在分析非钙质土壤平衡施肥（肥料类型不变）44年后细沟抗侵蚀能力的变化，并建立细沟侵蚀性（）和土壤的偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）模型临界剪应力 ( ) 会引起土壤物理和化学性质的变化。设计了五种处理：（1）CK（不施肥），（2）N（氮），（3）NP（氮加磷），（4）NK（氮加钾），（5）NPK（氮） 、磷和钾）。与CK相比，N、NP、NK和NPK施用量显着增加，分别增加了49.6%、96.7%、73.6%和36.2%。然而，仅在 NPK 治疗组中显着增加。最优偏最小二乘回归模型表明，平均重量直径（MWD）对土壤临界剪应力的正向影响最大，其次是黄腐酸（FA）含量，而水溶物质则具有负向影响。长期均衡施肥可以增加MWD，并通过将微团聚体和腐殖质结合成大团聚体。 Ca 含量对 的正向影响最大。与CK相比，施用NP和NPK后交换性Ca含量显着增加（分别为7.9%和34.3%）。 Ca 可以通过与 FA 中的极性官能团结合而增加，从而促进大聚集体中水合壳的脱落。 在所有处理中，NP处理显示出最好的减少和增加的性能。该研究有助于了解非钙质土壤中细沟侵蚀过程和建模，并为农业侵蚀控制处理提供参考。