Anthropogenic climate change has resulted in a significant rise in extreme heat events, exerting considerable but unequal impacts on morbidity and mortality. Numerous studies have identified inequities in heat exposure across different groups, but social identities have often been viewed in isolation from each other. Children (5 and under) and older adults (65 and older) also face elevated risks of heat-related health impacts. We employ an intersectional cross-classificatory approach to analyze the distribution of heat exposure between sociodemographic categories split into age groups in the contiguous US. We utilize high-resolution daily air temperature data to establish three census tract-level heat metrics (i.e., average summer temperature, heat waves, and heat island days). We pair those metrics with American Community Survey estimates on racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and disability status by age to calculate population weighted mean exposures and absolute disparity metrics. Our findings indicate few substantive differences between age groups overall, but more substantial differences between sociodemographic categories within age groups, with children and older adults from socially marginalized backgrounds facing greater exposure than adults from similar backgrounds. When looking at sociodemographic differences by age, people of color of any age and older adults without health insurance emerge as the most exposed groups. This study identifies groups who are most exposed to extreme heat. Policy and program interventions aimed at reducing the impacts of heat should take these disparities in exposure into account to achieve health equity objectives.

中文翻译：

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识别有极端高温风险的群体：年龄、种族/民族和社会经济地位的交叉点


人为气候变化导致极端高温事件显著增加，对发病率和死亡率产生了相当大但不均衡的影响。许多研究已经确定了不同群体在热暴露方面的不平等，但社会身份往往被孤立地看待。儿童（5 岁及以下）和老年人（65 岁及以上）也面临着与高温相关的健康影响的更高风险。我们采用交叉交叉分类方法来分析美国本土按年龄组划分的社会人口学类别之间的热暴露分布。我们利用高分辨率的每日气温数据来建立三个人口普查区级别的高温指标（即夏季平均温度、热浪和热岛天数）。我们将这些指标与美国社区调查对按年龄划分的种族/民族、社会经济和残疾状况的估计值配对，以计算人口加权平均暴露和绝对差异指标。我们的研究结果表明，总体年龄组之间几乎没有实质性差异，但年龄组内的社会人口学类别之间存在更大的实质性差异，来自社会边缘化背景的儿童和老年人比来自相似背景的成年人面临更大的风险。在查看按年龄划分的社会人口差异时，任何年龄的有色人种和没有健康保险的老年人都是暴露最多的群体。这项研究确定了最容易受到极端高温影响的群体。旨在减少高温影响的政策和计划干预措施应考虑这些暴露差异，以实现健康公平目标。