Human exposure to pesticides in the general population occurs mainly through food consumption. However, specific dietary habits or food products that contribute to pesticide exposure are often unknown. In this study, we propose a combined screening for polyphenols and pesticide residues by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to assess the diet and the associated pesticide exposure. We measured 587 urine samples from women around the 34th week of pregnancy of a prospective mother–child cohort. A non-targeted screening for flavonoid-like compounds related to fruit and vegetable consumption was performed, prioritizing 164 features and identifying a total of 46 features by spectral library search. Based on a subset of markers, k-means clustering was performed, leading to four clusters with presumably similar dietary habits. The clusters were compared against food questionnaire data collected within the period of sample collection. Suspect screening of more than 500 pesticide residues including metabolites was performed, with a total of 40 residues being reported for 27 different pesticides. The detection of pesticide residues was compared across the different clusters of dietary habits. Indications were found that pyrimethanil metabolites might be associated with the consumption of citrus fruits or derivate products. We demonstrate that the method used has the potential to reveal patterns of pesticide intake from specific food commodities.

中文翻译：

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尿液中的农药残留和多酚——LC-HRMS 联合筛查揭示摄入模式


一般人群中人类接触农药主要是通过食物消费。然而，导致农药接触的具体饮食习惯或食品通常是未知的。在这项研究中，我们建议通过液相色谱法与高分辨率质谱法 (LC-HRMS) 结合筛查多酚和农药残留，以评估饮食和相关农药暴露。我们测量了预期母婴队列中怀孕第 34 周左右女性的 587 份尿液样本。对与水果和蔬菜消费相关的类黄酮化合物进行了非靶向筛选，优先考虑了 164 个特征，并通过光谱库搜索总共识别了 46 个特征。基于标记子集，进行 k 均值聚类，得到四个可能具有相似饮食习惯的聚类。将这些聚类与样本收集期间收集的食品调查问卷数据进行比较。对包括代谢物在内的 500 多种农药残留进行了疑似筛查，共报告了 27 种不同农药的 40 种残留。对不同饮食习惯组的农药残留检测进行了比较。研究发现，嘧霉胺代谢物可能与柑橘类水果或其衍生产品的消费有关。我们证明所使用的方法有可能揭示特定食品中农药的摄入模式。