The port governance literature has charted the trend towards devolution of port services to the private sector, also showing how the increasing influence of external private actors such as shipping lines and global terminal operators affects decisions on expansion and service provision, producing a more multifaceted and polycentric kind of port governance. In this paper we extend these notions to cover both mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. A growing body of literature on green ports discusses the various actions that can be taken to limit emissions in the port area, while another body of literature is growing on climate change adaptation measures, including the uncertain risks and rewards. Both mitigation and adaptation actions are partly linked to the commercial decisions of port actors but also partly driven by external actors (e.g. society, government, regulators). The analysis produces an updated conceptualisation of port governance under climate change, based on four stakeholder groups (public policy, commercial actors, indirect actors and international shipping governance) and produces three key conclusions. First, concession contracts and commercial relationships will need to change, with a more integrated vision and approach to sharing future (sometimes undefined or uncosted) costs and benefits between the port authority and commercial partners. Second, diversification of the port business model will see a larger focus on energy production and provision, requiring the more explicit inclusion of external stakeholders, particularly energy companies, in port governance. Third, port governance will see a return to prominence of the public dimension, both in terms of national decarbonisation plans and particularly regarding adaptation to an uncertain and turbulent future. As ports are both commercial activities and national infrastructure, these different identities will need to be united in a joint vision.

中文翻译：

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气候变化下港口治理新理念


港口治理文献描绘了港口服务向私营部门下放的趋势，也显示了航运公司和全球码头运营商等外部私营参与者日益增长的影响力如何影响扩张和服务提供的决策，从而产生更加多方面和多中心的决策。一种港口治理。在本文中，我们将这些概念扩展到减缓和适应气候变化。越来越多的关于绿色港口的文献讨论了可以采取的限制港口区域排放的各种行动，而另一组文献则越来越多地讨论气候变化适应措施，包括不确定的风险和回报。缓解和适应行动部分与港口参与者的商业决策相关，但也部分由外部参与者（例如社会、政府、监管机构）驱动。该分析基于四个利益相关者群体（公共政策、商业行为者、间接行为者和国际航运治理），提出了气候变化下港口治理的最新概念，并得出了三个关键结论。首先，特许权合同和商业关系需要改变，以更加综合的愿景和方法来在港务局和商业合作伙伴之间分担未来（有时未定义或未计算成本）的成本和收益。其次，港口业务模式的多元化将更加注重能源生产和供应，要求外部利益相关者，特别是能源公司更明确地参与港口治理。 第三，无论是在国家脱碳计划方面，还是在适应不确定和动荡的未来方面，港口治理将重新成为公共层面的重要议题。由于港口既是商业活动也是国家基础设施，这些不同的身份需要在一个共同的愿景中统一起来。