Taxis have provided on-demand mobility for decades, including to people earning the lowest incomes. However, studies reveal gaps in taxi service across many US cities due to factors such as fleet size limitations, information asymmetry, and discriminatory practices. Since 2010, the emergence of ride-hail services such as Uber and Lyft has revolutionized the transportation landscape, offering faster and more affordable alternatives to traditional taxis. Yet it remains unclear the extent to which ride-hail services may fill spatial-temporal gaps in taxi services or how car access shifted after the arrival of ride-hail services. Additionally, taxis may still play an important role in car access for people who rely on cash payments. This study uses longitudinal trip-level ride-hail and taxi data in Chicago, IL, to examine the shifting trip patterns across the two modes. We compared the spatial-temporal pattern of taxi and ride-hail trips, as well as the share of taxi trips paid for in cash across three periods; we then developed spatial regression models to investigate what factors relate to taxi cash payments. Results show that ride-hail services may, directly and indirectly, fill taxi service gaps. Additionally, population density, land use mix, and the proportion of people of color and zero-car households are positively related to the share of taxi trips paid in cash, while the number of ride-hail trips and banking density are negatively associated with the percentage of cash payments. Policymakers should consider the evolving interplay between taxi and ride-hail services and the significance of cash payments to ensure equitable access to transportation options for individuals without cars.

中文翻译：

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补充还是竞争对手？芝加哥出租车和网约车使用的公平影响


几十年来，出租车一直在提供按需出行服务，包括为收入最低的人们提供服务。然而，研究表明，由于车队规模限制、信息不对称和歧视性做法等因素，美国许多城市的出租车服务存在差距。自 2010 年以来，Uber 和 Lyft 等网约车服务的出现彻底改变了交通格局，为传统出租车提供了更快、更实惠的替代方案。然而，目前尚不清楚网约车服务能在多大程度上填补出租车服务的时空差距，也不清楚网约车服务出现后汽车通行情况如何变化。此外，对于依赖现金支付的人来说，出租车可能仍然在取车方面发挥着重要作用。本研究使用伊利诺伊州芝加哥市的纵向出行级别网约车和出租车数据来研究这两种模式的出行模式变化。我们比较了三个时期出租车和网约车出行的时空模式，以及现金支付出租车出行的比例；然后，我们开发了空间回归模型来研究哪些因素与出租车现金支付相关。结果表明，网约车服务可以直接或间接填补出租车服务的空白。此外，人口密度、土地利用组合以及有色人种和零汽车家庭的比例与现金支付的出租车出行比例呈正相关，而网约车出行次数和银行密度与现金支付的出租车出行比例呈负相关。现金支付的百分比。政策制定者应考虑出租车和网约车服务之间不断变化的相互作用，以及现金支付的重要性，以确保没有汽车的个人能够公平地获得交通选择。