The ongoing energy crisis and global warming threat represent major challenges of the century. Our dependence on conventional fuels has reached to a critical level where attempts are made to reduce the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and impede its ramifications. Simultaneously, it is projected to have alternative greener energy resources to reduce the deleterious effect of biofuels on humans and the environment. The lignocellulosic biomass (LCB, an abundant feedstock) constitutes an important renewable resource with potential to replace non-renewable ones for energy production. The shift in the usage of natural resources projects biofuels on the forefront to overcome the growing energy crisis and offer a sustainable solution to the global warming to minimize its impact at the global scale. Offering a long-term viability, biofuels upholds a key component in the economic prosperity of a nation. This article highlights important aspects of feedstock selection, a concise and comprehensive account of the pre-treatment procedures, and enzymatic saccharification of the LCB employed in the biofuel production. Considering the biomass heterogeneity and optimization in predicting and managing the outputs and huge capital and operating expenditures, the study presents integration of the microbial saccharification with established biofuel technologies towards enhancing efficiency and overall productivity. Additionally, an account of the artificial technology and machine learning approaches employed in harnessing renewable resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, have been added. Holding a greater promise, the review adds to the need of developing robust and efficient LCB conversion methods to scale up and excel in sustainable energy production for a greener future.

中文翻译：

---

循环经济中的木质纤维素生物质：碳中和向可持续能源生产的技术转型


持续的能源危机和全球变暖威胁是本世纪的主要挑战。我们对传统燃料的依赖已达到临界水平，我们正在努力减少温室气体 (GHG) 排放并阻止其后果。同时，预计将有替代的绿色能源来减少生物燃料对人类和环境的有害影响。木质纤维素生物质（LCB，一种丰富的原料）是一种重要的可再生资源，有潜力取代不可再生资源用于能源生产。自然资源使用的转变使生物燃料成为克服日益严重的能源危机的最前沿，并为全球变暖提供可持续的解决方案，以尽量减少其对全球范围的影响。生物燃料具有长期的生存能力，是国家经济繁荣的关键组成部分。本文重点介绍了原料选择的重要方面，对生物燃料生产中使用的 LCB 的预处理程序和酶糖化进行了简明而全面的说明。考虑到预测和管理产出的生物质异质性和优化以及巨额资本和运营支出，该研究提出了将微生物糖化与现有生物燃料技术相结合，以提高效率和整体生产力。此外，还增加了对利用可再生资源和减少温室气体排放所采用的人工技术和机器学习方法的描述。此次审查带来了更大的希望，增加了开发稳健、高效的 LCB 转换方法的必要性，以扩大可持续能源生产并在可持续能源生产方面取得优异成绩，以实现更绿色的未来。