The increase in the speed of high-speed trains and the widespread use of lightweight vehicle body technology have made vehicle systems more sensitive to aerodynamic excitation. However, few studies have focused on the worsening of passenger ride comfort, as opposed to just safety, when trains pass along windy railway lines. This study first analyzes the connection between flow structure and aerodynamic load, using bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD). Then, it examines the effect of aerodynamic loads on the vibration characteristics of vehicles and human bodies, at different speeds under crosswinds, by combining a vehicle-track-seat-human body coupling model. Finally, the effects of crosswinds on vehicle and human body vibration are analyzed, including differences in vibration characteristics of the human head when in different positions. The BEMD results indicate that the flow field around the vehicle is dominated by low-frequency oscillation. These low-frequency components show close alignment with the aerodynamic loads’ main frequency, and the high-speed trains’ natural frequency, which may lead to vehicle resonance shaking, and to derailment. Additionally, it is found that lateral vibration comfort for human legs and thighs is worst in both the head and middle cars, while vertical vibration comfort for the human head is worst in the head car. When running at three speeds under crosswinds, fluctuations in aerodynamic loads and track irregularities are major causes of discomfort for humans, particularly affecting vertical vibration comfort. In crosswinds, vertical vibration of the human head is significantly greater than lateral vibration, indicating a loss of comfort, primarily in the vertical direction, when trains are excited by crosswinds. It is observed that lateral vibration comfort is worst at the front end of the head car, but best at their rear end. Vertical vibration comfort is best in the middle section of the head car.

中文翻译：

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侧风作用下高速列车人体振动响应分析


高速列车速度的提高和轻量化车体技术的广泛应用，使得车辆系统对气动激励更加敏感。然而，很少有研究关注火车沿着多风的铁路线行驶时乘客乘坐舒适度的恶化，而不仅仅是安全性。本研究首先使用二维经验模态分解（BEMD）分析流动结构与气动载荷之间的联系。然后，结合车辆-轨道-座椅-人体耦合模型，考察了侧风下不同速度下气动载荷对车辆和人体振动特性的影响。最后，分析了侧风对车辆和人体振动的影响，包括人体头部在不同位置时振动特性的差异。 BEMD结果表明车辆周围的流场以低频振荡为主。这些低频分量与空气动力载荷的主频率和高速列车的固有频率密切相关，可能导致车辆共振和脱轨。此外，还发现头车和中车对人体腿部和大腿的横向振动舒适性最差，而头车对人体头部的垂直振动舒适性最差。在侧风下以三种速度行驶时，气动载荷的波动和轨道不规则性是造成人体不适的主要原因，特别是影响垂直振动舒适性。在侧风中，人体头部的垂直振动明显大于横向振动，这表明当火车受到侧风刺激时，舒适度下降，主要是垂直方向的振动。 据观察，横向振动舒适度在头部车辆的前端最差，但在后端最好。垂直振动舒适性以头车中段最好。