The newly launched Fengyun-3E (FY-3E) satellite in the early morning contributes to forming a complete three-orbit observation system, comprehensively improving the spatial coverage of satellite data. This study highlights the importance of applying the Microwave Humidity Sounder-II (MWHS-2) data from the FY-3E satellite by exploring the impact of jointly assimilating FY-3D and FY-3E MWHS-2 data under all-sky conditions on regional typhoon forecasting. Firstly, the impact of the different observation error statistics is studied based on FY-3D all-sky MWHS-2 radiance data assimilation for Typhoon Muifa (2022). The results show that the features of adaptive observation error statistics are rather consistent based on observational and meteorological information samples over different periods. Appropriate observation errors have the potential to improve typhoon track and intensity predictions, especially for rainfall forecasts. Consistent positive benefits of the typhoon intensity forecasts are obtained with the assimilation of the cloud-affected radiances from FY-3D MWHS-2. Moreover, joint assimilation experiments using FY-3D and FY-3E MWHS-2 radiances are conducted to compare the relative impact of each sensor for both clear-sky and all-sky. Results indicate improvements in the analyses of 500 hPa geopotential height and humidity with the introduction of cloud-affected radiance in joint assimilation experiments. The forecast performance of the joint assimilation method is significantly better than that with only FY-3E MWHS-2 observations in terms of the typhoon track, intensity, and precipitation. This superiority is particularly obvious in all-sky data assimilation experiments compared to clear-sky conditions.

中文翻译：

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FY-3D和FY-3E MWHS-2辐射全天同化对台风梅花(2022)分析预报的影响


凌晨新发射的风云三号E（FY-3E）卫星有助于形成完整的三轨道观测体系，全面提高卫星数据的空间覆盖范围。本研究通过探索全天空条件下联合同化FY-3D和FY-3E MWHS-2数据对区域的影响，强调了应用FY-3E卫星微波湿度探测仪-II（MWHS-2）数据的重要性。台风预报。首先，基于FY-3D全天MWHS-2辐射数据同化台风梅花（2022），研究了不同观测误差统计量的影响。结果表明，不同时期观测和气象信息样本的自适应观测误差统计特征较为一致。适当的观测误差有可能改善台风路径和强度预测，特别是降雨预测。通过同化 FY-3D MWHS-2 受云影响的辐射，台风强度预报获得了一致的积极效益。此外，使用FY-3D和FY-3E MWHS-2辐射率进行联合同化实验，以比较每个传感器对晴空和全空的相对影响。结果表明，通过在联合同化实验中引入受云影响的辐射率，500 hPa 位势高度和湿度的分析得到了改进。联合同化方法在台风路径、强度、降水等方面的预报效果明显优于仅使用FY-3E MWHS-2观测的预报效果。与晴空条件相比，这种优势在全天空资料同化实验中尤为明显。