New onset status epilepticus (NOSE), a subtype of status epilepticus, is a neurological emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the phenotypic spectrum and outcomes of patients presenting with NOSE. This prospective and retrospective descriptive study included patients presenting with NOSE over a 10-year period. Data collected included patient demographics, phenotypic characteristics of SE and its etiology, Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS), SE classification Axis-II, and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at admission and discharge. Functional outcomes and seizure status were assessed at least 6 months post-discharge. Prognostic factors for mortality and the development of epilepsy were also analyzed. A total of 208 patients were included, with a mean age of 41.97 ± 21.66 years, and a male predominance (57.1 %). Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures were observed in 47.5 % of patients. The etiology was acute symptomatic in 35.57 % and remote symptomatic in 24 %. The median hospital stay was 4 days (range: 2.25–10.75 days). The mortality rate was 26.5 %, and 23 % of patients developed epilepsy with a median follow-up of 9 months. Higher age (≥ 50 years), elevated STESS, ICU admission, use of anesthetic agents, refractory status epilepticus (RSE), and new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) were significant risk factors for mortality (p<0.05). The development of epilepsy was associated with a higher number of antiseizure medications (ASM) at discharge, ICU admission, use of anesthetic agents, RSE, and NORSE (p<0.05). NOSE is a neurological emergency with a variable etiology and significant long-term consequences. Approximately one-fourth of patients presenting with NOSE died, and another quarter developed epilepsy during a median follow-up of 9 months. Identifying and addressing the predictors of mortality and epilepsy development following NOSE may improve long-term outcomes.

中文翻译：

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新发癫痫持续状态及其长期结局：一项队列研究


新发癫痫持续状态 (NOSE) 是癫痫持续状态的一种亚型，是一种与显着发病率和死亡率相关的神经急症。本研究旨在分析 NOSE 患者的表型谱和结果。这项前瞻性和回顾性描述性研究纳入了 10 年来出现 NOSE 的患者。收集的数据包括患者人口统计、SE 表型特征及其病因、癫痫持续状态严重程度评分 (STESS)、SE 分类 Axis-II 以及入院和出院时的改良 Rankin 量表 (mRS) 评分。出院后至少 6 个月评估功能结果和癫痫状态。还分析了死亡率和癫痫发生的预后因素。总共纳入 208 名患者，平均年龄为 41.97 ± 21.66 岁，男性占多数（57.1%）。 47.5% 的患者观察到局灶性至双侧强直阵挛性癫痫发作。病因为急性症状（35.57%）和远期症状（24%）。中位住院时间为 4 天（范围：2.25-10.75 天）。死亡率为 26.5%，中位随访 9 个月后，23% 的患者出现癫痫。年龄较大（≥ 50 岁）、STESS 升高、入住 ICU、使用麻醉剂、难治性癫痫持续状态 (RSE) 和新发难治性癫痫持续状态 (NORSE) 是死亡的显着危险因素 (p<0.05)。癫痫的发生与出院时、入住 ICU、使用麻醉剂、RSE 和 NORSE 时使用较多的抗癫痫药物 (ASM) 相关 (p<0.05)。 NOSE 是一种神经急症，其病因多种多样，且具有显着的长期后果。 在中位 9 个月的随访期间，大约四分之一的 NOSE 患者死亡，另外四分之一的患者出现癫痫。识别和解决 NOSE 后死亡率和癫痫发展的预测因素可能会改善长期结果。