To date, the presence of pharmaceuticals has been extensively documented across a wide range of aquatic systems and biota. Further, substantial progress has been made in transitioning from laboratory assessments of pharmaceutical fate and effects in fish to assessments of exposure and effects; however, certain research areas remain understudied. Among these is investigation of differential accumulation across multiple internal tissues in wild marine fish beyond the species commonly sampled in laboratory and freshwater field settings. This study examined the presence of pharmaceuticals across four tissues (plasma, muscle, brain, and liver) in a wild marine fish, bonefish (), throughout coastal South Florida, USA. Differential accumulation across tissues was assessed for the number and concentration, identity, and composition of accumulated pharmaceuticals by sampling 25 bonefish and analyzing them for 91 pharmaceuticals. The concentration of pharmaceuticals was highest in plasma > liver > brain > muscle, while the number of pharmaceuticals was highest in liver > brain > plasma > muscle. The identity of detected pharmaceuticals was tissue specific, and there was an inverse relationship between the number of detections for each pharmaceutical and its log K. The composition of pharmaceuticals was tissue specific for both pharmaceutical presence/absence and concentration. Across all tissues, the greatest similarity was between brain and liver, which were more similar to plasma than to muscle, and muscle was the most distinct tissue. For tissue compositional variability, muscle was the most diverse in accumulated pharmaceuticals, while plasma, brain, and liver were similarly variable. With the highest concentrations in plasma and highest number in liver, and documented variability in accumulated pharmaceuticals across tissues, our results highlight the importance of tissue selection when surveying exposure in wild fish, suggesting that multi-tissue analysis would allow for a more comprehensive assessment of exposure diversity and risk of adverse effects.

中文翻译：

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野生亚热带海鱼体内药物的差异组织分布


迄今为止，药物的存在已在广泛的水生系统和生物群中得到广泛记录。此外，从对鱼类的药物归宿和影响的实验室评估转向对暴露和影响的评估方面已经取得了实质性进展；然而，某些研究领域仍未得到充分研究。其中包括对野生海洋鱼类多个内部组织的差异积累的研究，超出了实验室和淡水田中常见采样的物种。这项研究检查了美国南佛罗里达州沿海野生海鱼北梭鱼四种组织（血浆、肌肉、大脑和肝脏）中药物的存在情况。通过对 25 条北梭鱼进行取样并分析其中的 91 种药物，评估了跨组织的差异积累，以了解所积累药物的数量和浓度、特性和成分。血浆>肝>脑>肌肉中药物浓度最高，而肝>脑>血浆>肌肉中药物数量最高。检测到的药物的身份是组织特异性的，并且每种药物的检测次数与其 log K 之间存在反比关系。药物的组成对于药物的存在/不存在和浓度而言是组织特异性的。在所有组织中，最相似的是大脑和肝脏，它们与血浆比与肌肉更相似，而肌肉是最独特的组织。对于组织成分的变异性，肌肉中累积的药物种类最多，而血浆、大脑和肝脏也有类似的变化。 由于血浆中的浓度最高，肝脏中的数量最多，并且记录了跨组织中积累的药物的变异性，我们的结果强调了在调查野生鱼类暴露时组织选择的重要性，这表明多组织分析将允许对药物进行更全面的评估。暴露多样性和不利影响的风险。