尽管CO和CO加氢反应已被广泛研究,但关于甲烷形成机制和副产物生成途径仍存在重大争议,特别是当两种碳源同时存在时。这项工作结合了动力学、操作光谱、同位素技术和 DFT 计算,以阐明在具有相似金属分散度的单 Ni、Co 和双金属 NiCo 催化剂上 CO 和 CO 加氢之间的关系。双金属催化剂对 CO 生成甲烷表现出轻微的协同效应,而 CO 生成甲烷则效果相反,与单金属催化剂上观察到的活性相比,显示出活性的负移。动力学分析显示,两个甲烷化反应的 H (∼0.5) 和逆次级同位素动力学效应 (<1) 具有相似的表观顺序,表明 CH 的形成是通过 H* 辅助机制中的 CO 键断裂进行的,其中未显示出速率决定步骤对碳源敏感。 CO 加氢过程中双金属催化剂上观察到的反协同效应可以通过形成不反应的 HCOO* 物质(旁观者)来解释,该物质产生较低密度的甲烷中间体。另一方面,CO 或 CO 加氢过程中不需要的产物(即 CO 或 CO)的形成分别显示出相关差异,因为 CO 加氢过程中 CO 的形成是通过吸附在弱位点上的羰基物质的解吸进行的,同时CO 加氢形成 CO 是由于 CO 直接解离的少数途径,从而允许用 CO* 排斥 O* 从而产生 CO。 这项研究有助于阐明决定 CO 和 CO 加氢选择性和反应性的路线及其机理关系。这些信息对于加氢过程中高性能新材料的合理设计和开发具有重要价值。
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Unraveling the mechanistic interplay between CO and CO2 hydrogenation over Ni, Co, and NiCo catalysts
Although CO and CO hydrogenation reactions have been extensively studied, there is still significant controversy regarding the mechanism of methane formation and the routes for byproducts, especially when both carbon sources are simultaneously present. This work combines kinetic, operando-spectroscopic, isotopic techniques and DFT calculations to elucidate the relationships between CO and CO hydrogenation over mono Ni, Co and bimetallic NiCo catalysts with similar metal dispersion. The bimetallic catalysts showed a slight synergistic effect for methane formation from CO, while from CO the effect was opposite, showing a negative shift of activity as compared with those observed on the monometallic catalysts. The kinetic analysis shows similar apparent order with respect to H (∼0.5) and an inverse secondary isotope kinetic effect (<1) for both methanation reactions, suggesting that CH formation proceeds via C-O bond breaking in an H*-assisted mechanism, where the rate-determining step was not shown to be sensitive to the carbon source. The anti-synergistic effect observed on the bimetallic catalysts during CO hydrogenation is explained by the formation of unreactive HCOO* species (spectator), which generate a lower density of methane intermediates. On the other hand, the formation of the undesired products, i.e., CO or CO during CO or CO hydrogenation, respectively, shows relevant differences since the CO formation during CO hydrogenation proceeds through the desorption of the carbonyl species adsorbed on weak sites, meanwhile the CO formation from CO hydrogenation is due to a minority route of direct dissociation of CO, allowing the rejection of O* with CO* to produce CO. This study contributes to elucidate the routes that determine the selectivity and reactivity for CO and CO hydrogenation and their mechanistic relationship. This information is valuable for the rational design and development of new materials with high performance during hydrogenation processes.