Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, encompassing a range of malignancies within the digestive tract, present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, reflecting a dire need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This article delves into the profound influence of non-histone methylation on the pathogenesis and evolution of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Non-histone proteins, undergoing methylation by enzymes such as Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) and Lysine Methyltransferases (KMTs), play pivotal roles in cellular signaling, metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and other processes crucial for cancer development. This review illuminates the complex mechanisms by which non-histone methylation affects key aspects of tumor biology, including oncogenesis, growth, proliferation, invasion, migration, metabolic reprogramming, and immune escape in GI malignancies. Highlighting recent discoveries, this work underscores the importance of non-histone methylation in cancer biology and its potential as a target for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at improving outcomes for patients with GI cancers.

中文翻译：

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靶向胃肠道癌症中的非组蛋白甲基化：从生物学到临床


胃肠道 (GI) 癌症包括消化道内的一系列恶性肿瘤，在诊断和治疗方面都提出了重大挑战，反映出对创新治疗策略的迫切需求。本文深入探讨非组蛋白甲基化对胃肠道 (GI) 癌症发病机制和进化的深远影响。非组蛋白通过蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶 (PRMT) 和赖氨酸甲基转移酶 (KMT) 等酶进行甲基化，在细胞信号传导、代谢、染色质重塑和其他对癌症发展至关重要的过程中发挥着关键作用。这篇综述阐明了非组蛋白甲基化影响肿瘤生物学关键方面的复杂机制，包括胃肠道恶性肿瘤的肿瘤发生、生长、增殖、侵袭、迁移、代谢重编程和免疫逃逸。这项工作突出了最近的发现，强调了非组蛋白甲基化在癌症生物学中的重要性及其作为旨在改善胃肠道癌症患者预后的创新治疗策略目标的潜力。