The diabetes treatment landscape is rapidly evolving towards intelligent and precise therapeutic interventions. Among these advancements, glucose-sensitive microneedle patches (GSMPs), which can automatically adjust the transdermal release rate of insulin based on glucose concentrations, are emerging as a promising strategy. In this work, a new classification method has been proposed for GSMPs, categorizing them into integrated, all-in-one, and core-shell structures. The working mechanism and performance of GSMPs are thoroughly analyzed to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these three forms. The correlation between glucose-sensitive performance and normal blood glucose maintenance time (NGT) is further explored. Our findings indicate that all-in-one GSMPs demonstrate a positive correlation between in vitro glucose-sensitive controlled-release performance and NGT, unlike assembled GSMPs, where the performance is influenced by the matrix material and crosslinking factors. Simultaneously, challenges in clinical translation and future development trends are discussed from a patient's perspective. In summary, the new classification method, in-depth explanation of mechanisms, and analysis of challenges in this work contribute to a better understanding of the field of GSMPs and provide guidance for the development of more advanced and efficient GSMPs.

中文翻译：

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智能胰岛素输送系统的有前途的策略：葡萄糖敏感微针


糖尿病治疗领域正在迅速朝着智能和精确的治疗干预方向发展。在这些进步中，葡萄糖敏感微针贴片（GSMP）可以根据葡萄糖浓度自动调节胰岛素的透皮释放速率，正在成为一种有前景的策略。在这项工作中，提出了一种新的 GSMP 分类方法，将其分为集成式、一体式和核壳结构。深入分析了GSMP的工作机制和性能，比较了这三种形式的优缺点。进一步探讨葡萄糖敏感表现与正常血糖维持时间（NGT）之间的相关性。我们的研究结果表明，一体式 GSMP 表现出体外葡萄糖敏感控释性能与 NGT 之间呈正相关，这与组装的 GSMP 不同，组装的 GSMP 的性能受基质材料和交联因素的影响。同时，从患者的角度讨论了临床转化的挑战和未来的发展趋势。综上所述，本工作中新的分类方法、对机制的深入解释以及对挑战的分析有助于更好地理解 GSMP 领域，并为开发更先进、更高效的 GSMP 提供指导。