The surge in renewable energy demand, particularly from offshore wind farm (OWF), raises concerns about underwater noise pollution during their construction. Despite extensive studies on underwater noise impacts in European and Western countries, local species targeted investigations are crucial for global application. We assessed how pile driving noise during OWF construction affected the behavior of three juvenile Korean fishes (Lateolabrax japonicus, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, and Platichthys stellatus) prevalent in East Asian seas. Pile driving noise playback induced rapid changes in L. japonicus and A. schlegelii swimming speed and group cohesion, with 40 % remaining un-habituated after 5 min. Notably, L. japonicus showed clear avoidance of the noise source, while P. stellatus behavior remained unchanged at all. Our findings confirm that even relatively low-intensity impulsive noise can alter fish behavior, potentially due to species-specific characteristics. Accumulated data will inform the development of strategies for smart OWF establishment, advancing sustainable energy practices.

中文翻译：

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打桩噪声影响东亚重要幼鱼的行为模式


可再生能源需求的激增，尤其是来自海上风电场 （OWF） 的需求，引发了人们对其建设过程中水下噪音污染的担忧。尽管欧洲和西方国家对水下噪声影响进行了广泛的研究，但针对本地物种的调查对于全球应用至关重要。我们评估了 OWF 施工期间的打桩噪音如何影响东亚海域普遍存在的三种韩国幼鱼 （Lateolabrax japonicus、Acanthopagrus schlegelii 和 Platichthys stellatus） 的行为。打桩噪声回放诱导了 L. japonicus 和 A. schlegelii 游泳速度和群体凝聚力的快速变化，40% 在 5 min后仍未适应。值得注意的是，L. japonicus 表现出对噪声源的明显回避，而 P. stellatus 的行为完全保持不变。我们的研究结果证实，即使是相对低强度的脉冲噪声也可以改变鱼类的行为，这可能是由于物种特异性特征。积累的数据将为智能 OWF 建立战略的制定提供信息，从而推进可持续能源实践。