A series of sustainable surfactants derived from oleic acid have been synthesized and tested for their ability to form high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) for liquid explosives. Two surfactants have been highlighted for their ability to form stable ‘double salt’ (ammonium and calcium nitrate) emulsions. These stabilizers can be prepared at kilogram scale in either one or two steps from commercially available, sustainable methyl oleate and crucially can be used directly in HIPE formulation without the need for further purification. Pendant drop tensiometry studies of purified material however indicate potential for other applications such as enhanced oil recovery and their ability to form spontaneous emulsions.

中文翻译：

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用于液体爆炸性高内相乳液的可再生油基表面活性剂


合成了一系列源自油酸的可持续表面活性剂，并测试了它们形成液体炸药高内相乳液 (HIPE) 的能力。两种表面活性剂因其形成稳定的“复盐”（硝酸铵和硝酸钙）乳液的能力而受到关注。这些稳定剂可以通过一或两步从市售的可持续油酸甲酯制备公斤级的稳定剂，最重要的是可以直接用于 HIPE 配方中，无需进一步纯化。然而，纯化材料的悬滴张力测定研究表明了其其他应用的潜力，例如提高石油采收率及其形成自发乳液的能力。