Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) hold immense promise for energy storage due to their potential advantages over existing technologies in terms of electrochemical performance, cost, and safety. Nevertheless, the commercialization of ZABs is still limited by the slow cathode reaction, especially the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) during discharge and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during charging. In the region of the triphase catalyst/electrolyte/gas interface that is decisive for the performance of ZABs, the low utilization of catalytic sites and the lack of oxygen transfer efficiency are the key constraints on the enhancement of performance. Recent advancements have aimed to address these interfacial limitations through innovative microstructure and bioinspired engineering approaches. This review delves into these latest developments, investigating interfacial issues at both the microscopic and mesoscopic levels. Furthermore, we explore the development of a comprehensive theory–structure–function relationship based on the triphase interface, encompassing in-depth understanding, structural considerations, and microenvironmental modulation. Finally, this review identifies the principal challenges, potential opportunities, and prospective avenues for the regulation of triphase interfaces. This review discusses established strategies and promising research directions aimed at further improving the performance of ZABs with the aim of advancing the commercialization of ZABs and paving the way toward clean and sustainable energy storage solutions.

中文翻译：

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锌空气电池三相反应界面的微结构与仿生工程


锌空气电池（ZAB）在电化学性能、成本和安全性方面优于现有技术，因此在能源存储领域具有巨大的前景。尽管如此，ZAB的商业化仍然受到缓慢的阴极反应的限制，特别是放电过程中的氧还原反应（ORR）和充电过程中的析氧反应（OER）。在对ZAB性能起决定性作用的三相催化剂/电解质/气体界面区域，催化位点利用率低和氧转移效率缺乏是性能提升的关键制约因素。最近的进展旨在通过创新的微观结构和仿生工程方法来解决这些界面限制。本综述深入研究了这些最新进展，研究了微观和介观层面的界面问题。此外，我们探索了基于三相界面的综合理论-结构-功能关系的发展，包括深入理解、结构考虑和微环境调节。最后，本综述确定了三相界面调节的主要挑战、潜在机遇和前景途径。本综述讨论了旨在进一步提高 ZAB 性能的既定策略和有前景的研究方向，旨在推进 ZAB 的商业化，并为清洁和可持续的能源存储解决方案铺平道路。