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An Extracellular, Ca2+-Activated Nuclease (EcnA) Mediates Transformation in a Naturally Competent Archaeon
Molecular Microbiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-30 , DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15311 Dallas R Fonseca 1 , Leslie A Day 1 , Kathryn K Crone 2 , Kyle C Costa 1
Molecular Microbiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-30 , DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15311 Dallas R Fonseca 1 , Leslie A Day 1 , Kathryn K Crone 2 , Kyle C Costa 1
Affiliation
Transformation, the uptake of DNA directly from the environment, is a major driver of gene flow in microbial populations. In bacteria, DNA uptake requires a nuclease that processes dsDNA to ssDNA, which is subsequently transferred into the cell and incorporated into the genome. However, the process of DNA uptake in archaea is still unknown. Previously, we cataloged genes essential to natural transformation in Methanococcus maripaludis, but few homologs of bacterial transformation-associated genes were identified. Here, we characterize one gene, MMJJ_16440 (named here as ecnA), to be an extracellular nuclease. We show that EcnA is Ca2+-activated, present on the cell surface, and essential for transformation. While EcnA can degrade several forms of DNA, the highest activity was observed with ssDNA as a substrate. Activity was also observed with circular dsDNA, suggesting that EcnA is an endonuclease. This is the first biochemical characterization of a transformation-associated protein in a member of the archaeal domain and suggests that both archaeal and bacterial transformation initiate in an analogous fashion.
中文翻译:
细胞外 Ca2+ 激活的核酸酶 (EcnA) 介导天然活性古细菌的转化
转化,即直接从环境中摄取 DNA,是微生物种群中基因流动的主要驱动因素。在细菌中,DNA 摄取需要将 dsDNA 加工成 ssDNA 的核酸酶,随后将其转移到细胞中并整合到基因组中。然而,古细菌中 DNA 摄取的过程仍然未知。以前,我们对马里帕鲁迪斯甲烷球菌自然转化所必需的基因进行了分类,但很少鉴定出细菌转化相关基因的同源物。在这里,我们将一个基因 MMJJ_16440(此处命名为 ecnA)表征为细胞外核酸酶。我们表明 EcnA 是 Ca2+ 激活的,存在于细胞表面,对转化至关重要。虽然 EcnA 可以降解多种形式的 DNA,但在 ssDNA 作为底物时观察到的活性最高。在环状 dsDNA 中也观察到活性,表明 EcnA 是一种核酸内切酶。这是古细菌结构域成员中转化相关蛋白的首次生化表征,表明古细菌和细菌转化都以类似的方式开始。
更新日期:2024-08-30
中文翻译:
细胞外 Ca2+ 激活的核酸酶 (EcnA) 介导天然活性古细菌的转化
转化,即直接从环境中摄取 DNA,是微生物种群中基因流动的主要驱动因素。在细菌中,DNA 摄取需要将 dsDNA 加工成 ssDNA 的核酸酶,随后将其转移到细胞中并整合到基因组中。然而,古细菌中 DNA 摄取的过程仍然未知。以前,我们对马里帕鲁迪斯甲烷球菌自然转化所必需的基因进行了分类,但很少鉴定出细菌转化相关基因的同源物。在这里,我们将一个基因 MMJJ_16440(此处命名为 ecnA)表征为细胞外核酸酶。我们表明 EcnA 是 Ca2+ 激活的,存在于细胞表面,对转化至关重要。虽然 EcnA 可以降解多种形式的 DNA,但在 ssDNA 作为底物时观察到的活性最高。在环状 dsDNA 中也观察到活性,表明 EcnA 是一种核酸内切酶。这是古细菌结构域成员中转化相关蛋白的首次生化表征,表明古细菌和细菌转化都以类似的方式开始。