Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the deepest component of the three‐layered cutaneous integument. While mesenteric adipose tissue‐based immune processes have gained recognition in the context of the metabolic syndrome, SAT has been traditionally considered primarily for energy storage, with less attention to its immune functions. SAT harbors a reservoir of immune and stromal cells that significantly impact metabolic and immunologic processes not only in the skin, but even on a systemic level. These processes include wound healing, cutaneous and systemic infections, immunometabolic, and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory skin diseases, as well as neoplastic conditions. A better understanding of SAT immune functions in different processes, could open avenues for novel therapeutic interventions. Targeting SAT may not only address SAT‐specific diseases but also offer potential treatments for cutaneous or even systemic conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on SAT's structure and functions, highlight recent advancements in understanding its role in both homeostatic and pathological conditions within and beyond the skin, and discuss the main questions for future research in the field.

中文翻译：

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皮下脂肪组织：对皮肤病及其他疾病的影响


皮下脂肪组织 （SAT） 是三层皮肤外皮的最深组成部分。虽然基于肠系膜脂肪组织的免疫过程在代谢综合征的背景下得到了认可，但 SAT 传统上主要被认为用于能量储存，对其免疫功能的关注较少。SAT 拥有免疫细胞和基质细胞的储存库，不仅对皮肤的代谢和免疫过程有重大影响，甚至在全身水平上也有显著影响。这些过程包括伤口愈合、皮肤和全身感染、免疫代谢和自身免疫性疾病、炎症性皮肤病以及肿瘤病。更好地了解不同过程中的 SAT 免疫功能，可以为新的治疗干预开辟途径。靶向 SAT 不仅可以解决 SAT 特异性疾病，还可以为皮肤甚至全身性疾病提供潜在的治疗方法。本综述旨在全面概述 SAT 的结构和功能，强调了解其在皮肤内外稳态和病理条件下的作用的最新进展，并讨论该领域未来研究的主要问题。